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Thus, pharmacology is studied only in medical schools, from the third year onwards in the faculty of pharmacy and general medicine, and in the second year in the faculty of dentistry. Medical Knowledge, Religious Beliefs, and Free Will: Attitudes and What is family planning? Each student completed the questionnaire anonymously, respecting the confidentiality of the response. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Scientific Research UMPhST Trgu Mure (Approval no. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Sacred rights: the case for contraception and abortion in world religions User Review - Not Available - Book Verdict. It should be noted that the structure of teaching programs is different between university specialties. An association between the level of knowledge of the safety profile of OCP and the year of study had also been identified. Not likely! Is Utah State Better Than University Of Utah? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/poprez_ian2020r.pdf, https://reproductiverights.org/europes-abortion-laws-comparative-overview. [16] Michael Shuenemeyer, a UCC minister, has stated that The practice of safer sex is a matter of life and death. The Catholic ban on the use of condoms, or any other device, for contraceptive purposes remains. Rabbis disagree about the use of the diaphragm - some forbid it because it blocks the passage of semen, while others state that it is not forbidden because the semen enters the woman's body in a normal manner. After the investigators presented the study objectives to the class, the questionnaires were randomly distributed to 20 female students in the room. Birth Control | Catholic Answers )[26][28][29] As an example of the dissent, the editor of a Nonconformist weekly journal in the United States wrote in 1893, There was a time when any idea of voluntary limitation was regarded by pious people as interfering with Providence. The gynecologist, C. The endocrinologist, D. Pharmacist, E. On my initiative); If they had read the package leaflet before use and knew what to do when they missed a dose. Fortunately, most of the respondents were well-informed and used a particular contraceptive drug based on a healthcare professionals recommendation. In some centuries, even condoms were used (though made out of . It weighs decisively because, depending on the religious cult, the attitude towards hormonal contraception is different. "[47], Protestants, including Quiverfull adherents, also disagree over whether the Biblical statement "be fruitful and multiply" in Genesis 1:28 and 9:7 is a command or simply a blessing God spoke over its recipients. Our results show that only a small percentage of students chose to use oral contraceptive pills (OCP). But although all the participants were in favour of promoting the use of contraceptives for married couples, they were reluctant to make it part of their joint declaration for fear of reprisals from the more conservative Islamic scholars in their respective countries. ; investigation, C.-D.B. BBC - Ethics - Contraception: The Bible on contraception But more conservative Islamic leaders have openly campaigned against the use of condoms or other birth control methods, thus making population planning in many countries ineffective. Although women were much more religious than men (as in most other countries worldwide 34), many Orthodox women ignored religious disapproval of contraceptive use . So sterilisation is wrong - partly because it prevents children permanently and partly because of a text forbidding men to castrate themselves. Kongnyuy E.J., Ngassa P., Fomulu N., Wiysonge C.S., Kouam L., Doh A.S. A Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Emergency Contraception among University Students in Cameroon. All students belonging to the Catholic, Christian according to the Gospel, Evangelical, Greek Catholic, Neo-Protestant, Protestant, Pentecostal, and Unitarian denominations stated that they did not use such medicines. Contraception, including artificial contraception, is permitted in Judaism in appropriate circumstances. [1] Other traditions such as Laestadian Lutheran Churches, do not permit the use of birth control and may teach Quiverfull doctrine, which holds that Christians should have large families. Scholars point out that this method may deprive the woman of both sexual fulfilment and of having children, and so should not be used without the woman's agreement. The Orthodox Church accepts only abstinence as a contraception method and considers that the sole purpose of sexual intercourse is procreation. The acceptance of these products among students with religious beliefs, other than Orthodox, was lower. The methods of contraception allowed under Jewish law are those that do not damage the sperm or stop it getting to its intended destination. Religious beliefs also influence legislation. Religion, Fertility and Contraception in Sub-Saharan Africa, Part 5 Although some Quiverfull adherents accept that birth control use is a matter of individual conscience, other such adherents may argue that the Bible commands their position for all Christians. The majority of Protestants, irrespective of denomination, maintain that use or non-use of birth control in its various methods is a matter of conscience for individual Christians before God, and that individual couples should be convinced in their own minds of what is and is not permissible for them particularly (see Romans 14). The site is secure. He reaffirmed the Churchs traditional teachings and classified the Pill as an artificial method of birth control. However, he would oppose any method of birth control that acts after fertilization and terminates a conceived human life by preventing its implantation in the womb After two years of extended deliberation and prayer, the PRC has not been able to reach a consensus as to the likelihood, or even the possibility, that these medications might contribute to the loss of human life after fertilization. Thomas cited the claim in a dissent to the Supreme Court's refusal to take up a challenge by health care workers who opposed New York's vaccine mandate on religious grounds. Background Professional medical standards typically allow providers to refuse to provide a health care service that violates their moral or religious beliefs in cases in which this right of refusal does not interfere with a patient's right to care. God states right here in no-nonsense language that children are gifts. [22], The Hutterite Brethren use contraception only if it is recommended by a physician. The Catholic Church teaches that the act of sex is a way of showing true love and it is through this expression of love that God works to create new life. Contraception, including artificial contraception, is permitted in Judaism in appropriate circumstances. Everyone deserves access to affordable and quality care that meets their individual needs with dignity and compassion. We limit population just as much by deferring marriage for prudential reasons as by any action that may be taken after it.[26][30]. In this research, a questionnaire was distributed to 422 female students from the George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Trgu Mure, Romania (UMPhST Trgu Mure, Romania), aged between 19 and 24 years old. Roman Catholic teachings are the strictest when it comes to contraception. In keeping with the Mormon belief that heaven is full of millions of spirits awaiting an earthly body, birth control and abortion are also forbidden. The sample size was chosen to reflect the structure of the universitys population: Statistical data for the 2018/2019 academic year indicated a total number of undergraduate students of 9188, of which 5857 were women (63.74%). The official position of the Romanian Orthodox Church has been expressed very clearly; thus, abortion and contraceptive or abortion treatments are serious sins that kill human beings, hinder the natural procreation process of human beings, affect and endanger the dignity and lives of young women and ultimately exclude us from the Kingdom of God to which Christians aspire [12]; however, it is stated that if the mothers life is really endangered by pregnancy or childbirth, priority should be given to the womans life, not because her life has a greater value in itself, but because of the relationships and responsibilities towards other people who depend on her [12]. Conceptualization and methodology, B.-E.., A.T.-V. and C.-E.V. Laetsch, G. Luecke, W.A. Dobson and Cutrer view progesterone-only birth control pills as potentially problematic, since they may be potentially abortive contraceptives because of the theoretical possibility that they may have a slight secondary action of preventing a fertilized embryo from implanting within the uterine wall, while Alcorn implicates all hormonal contraceptives as problematic in these regards. Getting married C. The way that such couples control if and when a woman becomes pregnant through the use of natural and artificial contraceptives D. Getting pregnant 2. Posted June 19, 2017 | Reviewed by Ekua Hagan Millions of people around the world will have sex. In Romania, OCP are issued on the basis of a medical prescription (renewable, valid for six months). She has received numerous awards and accolades for her work, including being named one of the "Top 10 Educators to Watch" by Education Week magazine. To this end, the United Methodist Church supports "adequate public funding and increased participation in family planning services by public and private agencies. Muslim sexual ethics forbid sex outside marriage, so its teachings about birth control should be understood within the context of husband and wife. Patterns of Oral Contraceptive Pill-Taking and Condom Use among Adolescent Contraceptive Pill Users. A. Socioeconomic and Cultural Influences on Contraceptive Use The preference for a certain type of oral contraceptive pills (Q1: What type of oral contraceptives do you use depending on the dose of ethinyloestradiol in the composition?; Q2: What type of oral contraceptives do you use depending on the ratio of ethinyloestradiol/progestin? Therefore birth control is wrong, because it involves disobedience to the Word of God. A Mortal Sin On New Years Eve 1930, the Roman Catholic Church officially banned any artificial means of birth control. How is it that spouses are saying "yes" to the gift of each other when they end up abstaining for much of their married lives? God has made this a world in which tradeoffs have to be made and we cannot do everything to the fullest extent. In the 4th century B.C., Plato and Aristotle advocated a one-child family. The perception of different religions regarding contraception varies a lot. Regarding his frank 1930 pronouncement on birth control, Casti Connubii, Pope Pius XI declared that contraception was inherently evil and any spouse practicing any act of contraception violates the law of God and nature and was stained by a great and mortal flaw.. Birth control and abortion are forbidden by religious doctrine, even when pregnancy is life threatening. Refusing to Provide or Cover Reproductive Health Services and G.J. Such modern authors contrast the views of early Reformers who rejected contraception with modern Christians who accept it, and point to primarily feminist, secular, or Satanic influences as causative to the change.[34][35][36][37]. ); moc.oohay@41anaid_acob (C.-D.B. Supreme Court Upholds Trump Administration Regulation Letting Employers How about good health? Chandna A., Nath J., Dhingra D. Awareness of Emergency Contraception among 1st Year Medical Students. Bart Garrett describes it, "They operated in a time and context that unhealthily looked at sex as a base, physical pleasure that carried with it spiritual detriments. Where do we draw the line in informed consent for responsible disclosure of known medical risks vs. a theoretical risk which is not substantiated by current scientific knowledge? Christian views on birth control - Wikipedia Nowhere is this command done away with in the entire Bible; therefore it still remains valid for us today.[35]. In 84.9% of cases, the recommendation was made by the gynecologist, in 11.3% of cases by the endocrinologist, and 1.9% took the products on the pharmacists recommendation. Uwamariya J., Nyandwi J., Mukanyangezi M., Kadima J. [5] Other Lutheran churches or synods take other positions, or do not take any position at all. where semen was prevented from fertilising an egg) was wrong. Contraception with the aim of having a permanently child-free marriage is not accepted. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Mike . Those with adequate knowledge generally showed favorable attitudes towards emergency contraception [18]. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Countries That Are Most Opposed To The Use Of Contraceptives [47], In her book, Birth Control for Christians: Making Wise Choices, Jenell Williams Paris, who is associate professor of anthropology at Bethel College in St. Paul, reviews the benefits and uncertainties of various birth control methods, and decidedly favors the Fertility Awareness Method (FAM), which is similar to NFP but is different. This resistance to birth control was reflected in 2005 when a conference involving 40 Islamic scholars from 21 countries urged fresh efforts to push population planning and better reproductive health services. [54], Author and FamilyLife Today radio host Dennis Rainey suggests four categories as useful in understanding current Protestant views concerning birth control. . ); or.tsfmu@irav.limac (C.-E.V. Absorbent (Moch) as a Contraceptive The religious affiliation (expressed as a percentage) was similar to the data published by the Romanian government in 2018. The first endpoint of the study was to evaluate the use of hormonal contraception by the sexually active female population. Therefore, counseling plays an important role for the woman to choose the best contraception method over time, thus reducing the individual risk of unplanned pregnancy and the occurrence of side effects. The first conference of the week for each specialty/year of study has been identified. Protestants within this group believe that birth control is a contravention of God's purpose for marriage and that all children conceived during routine sexual intercourse (without regard to time of the month during the ovulation cycle or other matters) should be welcomed as blessings. The bottom line is that people of all religions use reproductive health services, including contraceptive care and abortion. The religious view on birth control is based on two principles: The modern Orthodox position permits the use of contraception in these cases: The female birth control pill is favoured by Jewish couples because male birth control methods are frowned on. This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. An Overview of Oral Contraceptives: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Use. However, less than 25% of adolescents use dual methods of contraception [9]. Plan B One-Step, or Plan B, is arguably the most well-known levonorgestrel pill in the U.S. Preference for the type of oral contraceptive pill correlated with the specialty. A study assessed sexual activity, unwanted pregnancies, and emergency contraceptive decisions in Rwandan higher education students. 8600 Rockville Pike the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. (Paris is a FAM instructor.) According to Southern Baptist R. Albert Mohler, Jr., "Couples are not given the option of chosen childlessness in the biblical revelation". The study was conducted to develop and refine the National health program and to reduce unwanted pregnancies. Concerns about the risk of venous thromboembolism are diminished with the newer generations of OCPs that have minimal side effects [4]. Since the progeny is considered alive from the moment of fertilization, any form of contraception that prevents the implantation of the embryo is considered a sin, an abortion. Normally, this disorder ceases after the first weeks of use. Such was the united teaching of Dr. Martin Luther and the "Old Missouri" fathers (C.F.W. Scrolls found in Egypt, dating to 1900 B.C., describe ancient methods of birth control that were later practiced in the Roman empire during the apostolic age. He also cites technophobia among Protestants, as evident by their rejection of things ranging from buttons to airplanes ("if God meant for man to fly he would have given him wings"). There is no reason to conclude that natural family planning is appropriate but that "artificial" means are not. Allow all contraceptives as long as they are to limit the family size. Islamic views on contraception Islamic medicine has known about birth control for centuries - for example the Muslim writers Avicenna. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The Pill | Article The Catholic Church and Birth Control The Vatican. Some Protestants, however, reject the position that contraceptive use is a matter of conscience. Abortion can be performed on request, but the pregnancy must not be older than 14 weeks; a more advanced pregnancy can be terminated if it is imposed by the health of the mother or child or is carried out for therapeutic purposes [2]. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. The distribution of the other religions was: Roman Catholic 7.8%, Reformed 5.4%, Adventist 1.7%, Protestant 0.7%, Unitarian 0.7%, Christian according to the Gospel 0.5%, Evangelical 0.3%, Greek Catholic 0.3%, Neo-Protestant 0.3%, Pentecostal 0.3%, while 0.5% declared themselves as atheists. Databases and tools. The first cult to accept contraception was the Protestant one (comprising the Adventist, Baptist, Anabaptist, Anglican, Reformed, Methodist, and Pentecostal churches), considering that morality was more about each persons conscience and less about religious teachings. If this was not possible, less than 20 respondents were included for that year of study. Based upon a view that life begins at conception, Protestant author Randy Alcorn rejects all forms of hormonal contraceptives, while James Dobson and obstetrician and minister William R. Cutrer reject only certain forms of them. poor quality of available services. In contrast, in Kenya religious leaders accept that family planning is supported by Islam within the context of marriage, and that the Quran or Sunnah do not prohibit its use. Zorn, W.H.T. Read more. See http://www.hausvater.org/faqs.php. Last updated 2009-08-03 Christian teachings on contraception and birth control - a contentious subject particularly in the Catholic Church and in countries with high incidence of HIV.. Fifty years ago this July, Pope Paul VI promulgated his encyclical Humanae Vitae, which reaffirmed the Catholic Churchs traditional prohibition of artificial birth control and set off one of the most divisive debates in modern church history. oral contraceptive pill, student, religion. Having children B. Why Does the Religious Right Hate Your Birth Control? In Andorra, abortion is performed only to save the mothers life [13]. Money? Contraception was taught against by non-Catholic Christians until 1930 when the Anglican Communion changed its policy. However, less than half had adequate knowledge (47.64%), and only 5.4% used emergency contraception [16]. Religion and birth control - Wikipedia Perhaps some have concluded that artificial forms are wrong because they allow one more fully to separate intercourse from the possibility of procreation. Thus, we must be extremely careful about what laws we lay down for people. Japan to allow trial sale of emergency contraception pills sans - ZEE5 Another study enrolled students from Punjab University, Chandigarh. In the first three months of contraceptive treatment, small hemorrhages that are not related to menstruation may occur. At the end of the study, the need to implement special sexual education programs was highlighted [17]. Nowadays, combined OCPs are safer and more tolerable, with equal or improved effectiveness compared with early formulations. Religious Freedom Arguments Underpin Wave of Challenges to Abortion EuroAvocatura.ro. "Behold, children are a gift of the Lord" (Psa. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted These include whether contraceptive use or non-use is a matter of individual conscience or binding Biblical commands, what types of birth control are permissible if any, and the amount of weight modern Protestants should give early Protestant Reformers' views on contraception. Most experts believe that variations in contraception use are related to socio-economic and demographic factors. Contraceptive knowledge and access (Chapter 5) are undoubtedly shaped by the surrounding socioeconomic and cultural environment, as are personal attitudes and feelings about contraception (Chapter 6). The organization states, Is it appropriate to implicate a medication as an abortive agent without the data to support such a claim? "[12][13], The Methodist Church of Great Britain also supports responsible use of birth control, welcoming its use as a means "towards fulfilment in marriage, the spacing of children, and the need to avoid pregnancy altogether, for example for medical reasons. preventing conception - is acceptable, so long as it does not have a permanent effect. Rainey sees couples in this group as believing they are within their Biblical rights to define their lives around non-natal concerns. Our survey asked whether participants used oral contraceptive pills, and whether they knew the types of oral contraceptives? As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. It is not a manifestation to worry about unless heavy bleeding persists for more than five days [6]. The Quran does not prohibit birth control, nor does it forbid a husband or wife to space preg- nancies or limit their number. Wikipedia - Jewish views on contraception. According to Planned Parenthood, taking a levonorgestrel morning-after pill within three days of . The Amish church has no rule against immunization, but only 16-26% of Amish children have received immunizations against the common childhood diseases. It is one of those areas where a Catholic must follow his or her conscience. The morality of contraception is still hotly debated in modern Orthodoxy. [33], Highly conservative Protestants such as Mary Pride, Charles D. Provan, Hess and Hess, and Rachel Scott, argue that Protestants should not have moved away from traditional Protestant views of contraception such as given by Martin Luther and John Calvin. This article examines Islamic views on contraception. Christian's who accept the use of contraception in marriage argue that there is nothing written in the Bible forbidding it. To such statements, Protestants such as Jordan point out that Christians will, in fact, choose against the blessing of money and great wealth.

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