what are people from niger calledstricklin-king obituaries

The ethnic makeup of Niger in 2001 was as follows: Hausa (55.4%), Zarma & Songhay (21%), Tuareg (9.3%), Fula (French: Peuls; Fula: Fule) (8.5%), Kanuri Manga (4.7%), Tubu (0.4%), Arab (0.4%), Gourmantche (0.4%), other (0.1%). A country demonym denotes the people or the inhabitants of or from there, for example, "Germans" are people of or from Germany. The Ar and Tnr National Nature Reserve was founded in the northern parts to protect these species. Hausa is the largest ethnic group, accounting for 53% of the population. [39] Links with France remained, with Diori allowing the development of French-led uranium mining in Arlit and supporting France in the Algerian War. While successive post-independence governments have tried to forge a shared national culture, this has been slow forming, in part because the major Nigerien communities have their own cultural histories, and in part because Nigerien ethnic groups such as the Hausa, Tuareg and Kanuri are but part of larger ethnic communities which cross borders introduced under colonialism. These subdivisions were administered by officials appointed by the national government. Les journalistes refusent la mise sous tutelle, Niger: Emergency legislation infringes non-derogable human rights, Unesco manuscript on child work and schooling in Niger, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niger&oldid=1162066859, This page was last edited on 26 June 2023, at 20:15. [39] In unknown circumstances (possibly attempting to flee the country), Manassara was assassinated at Niamey Airport on 9 April 1999. Kogi state, In Nigeria, more than seventy percent of Nigerians live in villages of two different types: the first type used by the Igbo and Tiv involves a collection of dispersed compounds while the second type used amongst the Hausa fulani, Yoruba, and Kanuri involves nuclei of compounds. Since most countries around the world use their country name with an additional suffix -en or -an to refer to its people, Niger is not an exception. These Regions are subdivided into 36 departments. [31] Ethnic-motivated and religious-motivated violence by extremists has increased these tensions as well. [129] Niger has the 11th highest maternal mortality rate in the world at 820 deaths/100,000 live births. Tenere FM also runs a national independent television station of the same name. The Edo numbered about 3.8 million at the turn of the 21st century. Trans-Saharan Trade and the West African Discovery of the Mediterranean World. Rural communes may contain official villages and settlements, while Urban Communes are divided into quarters. [39], Saibou curtailed the most repressive aspects of the Kountch era (such as the secret police and media censorship), and set about introducing a process of political reform under the overall direction of a single party (the Mouvement National pour la Socit du Dveloppement, or MNSD). As detailed in the Epic of Sundiata, Mali emerged as a breakaway region of the Sosso Empire which itself had split from the earlier Ghana Empire. Prior to the Third Republic, Nigeriens only had access to tightly controlled state media. Edo, also called Bini, people of southern Nigeria who speak a language of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The military kept their promise to return the country to democratic civilian rule. Keesing's Contemporary Archives, page 17569. With a number of kidnappings the rebellion had "largely fizzled out inconclusively" by 2009. It borders Algeria and Libya to the north, Chad to the East, Nigeria and Benin to the south, and Burkina Faso and Mali to the west. [39] Parastatal companies were created, infrastructure (building and new roads, schools, health centres) constructed, and there was corruption in government agencies, which Kountch did not hesitate to punish. [20][39] The borders of Niger were drawn up in stages and had been fixed at their later position by the 1930s. [1] The capital Niamey is located in Niger's southwest corner. [20][39], To the east, the KanemBornu Empire dominated the region around Lake Chad for a period. Niger got its independence from France in 1960. To illuminate the significance_ _ insult others by deliberately of nigger, I analyze an array of "Mgger is the ail-American mispronouncing trump card, their names.4 disputes. Between 1996 and 2003, primary school attendance was around 30%,[139] including 36% of males and only 25% of females. [39][20][54] After conquering most of Hausaland (though not the Bornu Kingdom, which remained independent), he proclaimed the Sokoto Caliphate in 1809. [39] A puppet sultan was set up by the French and the "decline and marginalisation" of the north of the colony continued, exacerbated by a series of droughts. [126] Nomadic children in the north of the country often do not have access to schools. Government finance is derived revenue exports (mining, oil and agricultural exports) as well as various forms of taxes collected by the government. What Are People From Niger Called? The country obtained its name from the Niger River, one of the main rivers of West Africa, extending about 2,600 miles. [60] The French Union, which lasted from 1946 to 1958, conferred a limited form of French citizenship on the inhabitants of the colonies, with some decentralisation of power and limited participation in political life for local advisory assemblies. [52] Some of the Hausa states survived by fleeing south, such as the Katsina who moved to Maradi in the south of what later became Niger. For instance, people from Canada are called Canadians, Argentina-Argentinians, Kenya-Kenyans, and so forth. The constitution of December 1992 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and, again, by referendum, revised to the current version on 18 July 1999. Singular forms simply remove the final s or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms. [102] The most important donors in Niger are France, the European Union, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and various United Nations agencies (UNDP, UNICEF, FAO, World Food Program, and United Nations Population Fund). With such a diverse population, one would wonder how the people from Niger are collectively referred to. The National Police is primarily responsible for law enforcement in urban areas. [22] Nigeria is composed of various ethnic groups and cultures and the term Nigerian refers to a citizenship-based civic nationality. [84], On 27 December 2020, Nigeriens went to the polls after Issoufou announced he would step down, paving the way to a peaceful transition of power. [131], Clean drinking water is scarce by global standards, with significant differences between urban and rural areas. It has a population of the West African lion and one of the last populations of the Northwest African cheetah. [19] The pronunciation is the French one of /nir/, while in Anglophone media /nadr/ is also used. The conference was presided over by Prof. Andr Salifou and developed a plan for a transitional government; this was then installed in November 1991 to manage the affairs of state until the institutions of the Third Republic were put into place in April 1993. [143] There is also a network of over 80 community radio stations spread across all seven regions of the country, governed by the Comit de Pilotage de Radios de Proximit (CPRP), a civil society organisation. Autrepart no 27 (2003), pp. [90] In the south there is a tropical climate on the edges of the Niger River basin. Tuareg expansion from the north, culminating in their seizure of the far eastern oases from the KanemBornu Empire in the 17th centuries, spread distinctively Berber practices. [132][135][136] Socit de Patrimoine des Eaux du Niger (SPEN), Niger's water authority, opened ten boreholes and built a water treatment plant in 2018 to provide potable water to Tra and the surrounding areas. Following the Overseas Reform Act (Loi Cadre) of 23 July 1956 and the establishment of the Fifth French Republic on 4 December 1958, Niger became an autonomous state within the French Community. The Nigerien Society has been used to describe the long history of the several ethnic groups that lived in a single state. [127], Niger also has the highest fertility rate in the world (6.49 births per woman according to 2017 estimates);[128] this has resulted in nearly half (49.7%) of the Nigerien population being under age 15 in 2020. Nigeriens With such a diverse population, one would wonder how the people from Niger are collectively referred to. where a burial replete with iron and ceramic statuettes were discovered. Expanding from a population of 3.4 million in 1960, Niger's population has rapidly increased with a current growth rate of 3.3% (7.1 children per mother). [39][77] The legislative and executive configuration remained somewhat similar to that of the first term of the president: Hama Amadou was reappointed as prime minister and Mahamane Ousmane, the head of the CDS party, was re-elected as the president of the National Assembly (parliament) by his peers. [39], Kountch sought to create a 'development society', funded mostly by the uranium mines in Agadez Region. [94] This began a political struggle between Tandja, trying to extend his term-limited authority beyond 2009 through the establishment of a Sixth Republic, and his opponents who demanded that he step down at the end of his second term in December 2009. [75][76] In August 2002, unrest within military camps occurred in Niamey, Diffa, and Nguigmi, and the government was able to restore order within days. [39] In 18991900 France coordinated three expeditionsthe Gentil Mission from French Congo, the Foureau-Lamy Mission from Algeria and the VouletChanoine Mission from Timbuktuwith the aim of linking France's African possessions. [20], Between the Niger River and Lake Chad lay Hausa Kingdoms, encompassing the cultural-linguistic area known as Hausaland which straddles what later became the Niger-Nigeria border. [56] France then set about making a reality of their rule on the ground. What do you call someone who hails from Niger? [66] In the 1980s Kountch began cautiously loosening the grip of the military, with some relaxation of state censorship and attempts made to 'civilianise' the regime. Cambridge University Press, (1975), Joseph R. De Benoist, "The Brazzaville Conference, or Involuntary Decolonization.". [25], There have been several major historical states in Nigeria that have influenced Nigerian society via their kings and their legal and taxation systems, and the use of religion to legitimize the power of the king and to unite the people. A constitutional referendum and national elections were held. [20] Tuareg resistance continued, culminating in the Kaocen revolt of 191617, led by Ag Mohammed Wau Teguidda Kaocen, with backing from the Senussi in Fezzan; the revolt was violently suppressed and Kaocen fled to Fezzan where he was later killed. [23] Though there are multiple ethnic groups in Nigeria, economic factors result in significant mobility of Nigerians of multiple ethnic and religious backgrounds to reside in territories in Nigeria that are outside their ethnic or religious background, resulting in the mixing of the various ethnic and religious groups, especially in Nigeria's cities. [44][47], Circa 173040 a group of Kanuri settlers led by Mallam Yunus left Kanem and founded the Sultanate of Damagaram, centred on the town of Zinder. [107] The population is predominantly young, with 49.2% under 15 years old and 2.7% over 65 years, and predominantly rural with only 21% living in urban areas. "The Role of the Sahara and Saharians in Relationships between North and South". The hotter and drier climate with desert area causes more frequent fires in some regions. [25][26][27] The Kiffian (circa 80006000 BC) and later Tenerian (circa 50002500 BC) cultures, centred on Adrar Bous and Gobero where skeletons have been uncovered, flourished during this period. It is very common in deep water off the Deadmen. The Sahara and Central Sudan. The disputes that I the nuclear bomb of racial Precisely epithets." when the term shall address arise from ques-- _ became - - a slur is unknown. There were attempted coups (in 1975, 1976 and 1984) which were thwarted, their instigators being punished. [28] At the same time, British colonial authorities maintained and promoted traditional Nigerian culture that strengthened colonial administration. For other uses, see, Empires and kingdoms in pre-colonial Niger, The Hausa states and other smaller kingdoms (1400s1800s), National Conference and Third Republic (19911996), Second military regime and third military regime (19961999). [125] Primary education in Niger is compulsory for six years. Niger has a land area of approximately 490,000 square miles, making it West Africas largest country. Mamoudou Djibo. Niger's armed forces have a long history of military cooperation with France and the United States. [39], The north saw the outbreak of a Second Tuareg Rebellion in 2007 led by the Mouvement des Nigriens pour la justice (MNJ). This makes it less than twice the size of France, and the world's 21st largest country.[89]. The new constitution was adopted by a referendum on 26 December 1992. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Baron Frederick Lugard, a British colonial administrator. And people from Nigeria are Nigerian. [113][114] Hausa and Zarma-Songhai, the two most spoken languages, are widely spoken throughout the country as first or second languages. In peace time their duties are mostly policing duties. [52][20][53] They gradually adopted Islam from the 14th century, and sometimes this existed alongside other religions, developing into syncretic forms; some Hausa groups such as the Azna resisted Islam altogether (the area of Dogondoutchi remains an animist stronghold). [52] The Hausa are thought to be a mixture of autochthonous peoples and migrant peoples from the north and east, emerging as a distinct people sometime in the 900s1400s when the kingdoms were founded. [58], The French generally adopted a form of indirect rule, allowing existing native structures to continue to exist within the colonial framework of governance providing that they acknowledged French supremacy. [citation needed] At this point parts of what are now Niger's Tillabri Region fell under Malian rule. [82] Issoufou's time in office has been marked by threats to the country's security, stemming from the fallout from the Libyan Civil War and Northern Mali conflict, an insurgency in western Niger by al-Qaeda and Islamic State, the spillover of Nigeria's Boko Haram insurgency into south-eastern Niger, and the use of Niger as a transit country for migrants (often organised by people-smuggling gangs). The military court cannot try civilians.[99]. These include the Hausa-speaking Maouri (or Azna, the Hausa word for "pagan") community in Dogondoutci in the south-southwest and the Kanuri speaking Manga near Zinder, both of whom practice variations of the pre-Islamic Hausa Maguzawa religion. The water supply ran out about a year later, and the water treatment facility was forced to close. Uranium prices have recovered somewhat in the last few years.[when?] The typical mammal fauna consists of addax antelopes, scimitar-horned oryx, gazelles, and in the mountains, Barbary sheep. in The Cambridge History of Africa: From C 1600 to C 179. The European Investment Bank will also look at renewable energy as a way to save costs.[138]. It is a unitary state bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin and Burkina Faso to the southwest, Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. [39] Following fraudulent local elections in 1999 the opposition ceased any cooperation with the Manassara regime. [25] Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. [105] The Zarma and Songhay dominate the Dosso, Tillabri, and Niamey rgions, the Hausa dominate the Zinder, Maradi, and Tahoua regions, Kanuri Manga dominate the Diffa region, and Tuaregs dominate the Agadez region in Northern Niger.[112]. [citation needed] The U.S. also is a major partner in policy coordination in such areas as food security and HIV/AIDS. The Voulet-Chanoine Mission was "marred by atrocities", and "became notorious" for pillaging, looting, raping and killing local civilians on its passage throughout southern Niger. A Demonym is an adjective that is used to refer to a person from a particular place or nation. It denotes a monarch, such as the Bahri Negus (Lord of the. [47][48] The kingdom reached its greatest extent in the 1200s, partly due to the effort of Mai Dunama Dibbalemi (r. 12101259), and grew "richer" from its control of some Trans-Saharan trade routes; most of eastern and south-eastern Niger, including Bilma and Kaouar, was under Kanem's control in this period.

Hutchins Funeral Home Obituaries, What Are The 6 Risk Behaviors?, How Old Is Walker Hayes' Daughter Lela, Ableism And Disablism, What Methods Can Be Used To Correct Myopia, Alabama 2023 Football Prospects, Obituaries Palatka, Florida, When Is Thunder In The Valley, Commercials With Sign Language,