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The eye is a delicate organ and slight injury can cause adverse effects. The prevalence of DM has previously been estimated in European populations at around 1 in 8000. Firestein, G. Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology, W.B. Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer. The nerves controlling the eyelid muscles and the nerves controlling the jaw muscles develop an abnormal connection. Currently GARD aims to provide the following information for this disease: Pyomyositis is an infectious disease, which means that it is caused by germs such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and other inflammatory myositis conditions tend to cause weakness that gets worse slowly over weeks or months. Korean J Ophthalmol. Fifty percent of myogenic ptosis patients in our series underwent frontalis suspensions. Ptosis Correction. [16] Early-onset posterior subcapsular cataract, usually described as a snowflake or Christmas-tree cataract, is classically associated with DM. Strabismus surgery rarely is indicated. Muscle biopsy results for mitochondrial myopathies were less accurate as adjunctive diagnostic tests. Vinod Mootha V, Hansen B, Rong Z, et al. It is a genetic disorder. All rights reserved. Drugs causing myositis or myopathy include: Myopathy may occur right after starting a medication or may occur after taking a drug for months or years. Saunders Company, 2008. A wide range of factors can lead to blepharoptosis. . Unilateral ptosis is the term used when one eyelid droops. Severe ptosis may cover part or all of the pupil and interfere with vision, resulting in amblyopia. Cornea. Cases can range in severity from simply cosmetic to more serious, where the drooping eyelid can affect a persons field of vision. Participating in research helps researchers ultimately uncover better ways to treat, prevent, diagnose, and understand human diseases. https://eyewiki.org/w/index.php?title=Ocular_Manifestations_of_Myotonic_Dystrophy&oldid=92736. Types of ptosis By Amanda Mann; reviewed by Gary Heiting, OD Ptosis also called drooping eye, droopy eyelid and blepharoptosis is an eye condition that causes the upper eyelid to droop. Bilateral ptosis refers to when both upper lids droop. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Some babies are born with ptosis in one or both eyelids. Patient organizations can help patients and families connect. Cell. Other options include medications, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy, assistive devices, and rest. [20], Myotonia congenita is estimated to affect 1 in 100,000 people worldwide. and transmitted securely. Ptosis in patients with hemispheric strokes. Inflammatory conditions causing potentially severe myositis include: Other inflammatory conditions tend to cause milder forms of myositis, including: Inflammatory conditions are often the most serious myositis causes, requiring long-term treatment. In DM2, muscle weakness, pain, and myotonia are common, while other systemic features tend to be less frequent and milder in severity. 1992;68(4):799-808. ??accessibility.screen-reader.external-link_en_US?? 2018;32(11):1794-1795. National Center for Biotechnology Information. But the symptoms of viral infection may go away days or weeks before myositis symptoms begin. Article: Clinical and laboratory characteristics of idiopathic inflammatory myositis in Saudi patients: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Myotonia congenita is a congenital neuromuscular channelopathy that affects skeletal muscles (muscles used for movement). , vol. Cases can range in severity from simply cosmetic to more serious, where the drooping eyelid can affect a person's field of vision. Please review our about page for more information. Epub 2022 Sep 30. Eyelid ptosis, also called blepharoptosis, is a droop in the upper eyelid. . Eyebrows may be constantly lifted to see properly. Traumatic ptosis is caused when an accident or injury affects the muscles in the eyelid. Blepharoplasty is the primary form of treatment. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of SDS. 8600 Rockville Pike This most common congenital ptosis can be either acquired or congenital and is due to dysgenesis of the levator muscle with fibroadipose tissue found in place of skeletal muscle fibers. Ocular Manifestations of Myotonic Dystrophy. 2017;58(11):4579-4585. The obvious symptom of ptosis is sagging eyelids, but other common ones include: The examining ophthalmologist decides if a patient has ptosis. [citation needed], In northern Scandinavia, the prevalence of myotonia congenita has been estimated at 1:10,000. It is caused when the levator muscle in the affected upper eyelid doesnt develop fully or properly in the womb (only one eye is affected in around 70% of congenital ptosis cases). Ninety percent of people with myasthenia gravis have eye muscle issues that cause ptosis, double vision, or eye turns (strabismus). [2]Bodker FS, Olson JJ, Putterman AM. Viral infections are the most common infections causing myositis. 2015;56(3):2003-2011. ? Thakker MM, Rubin PA. Mechanisms of acquired blepharoptosis. When the condition develops later in life, its called acquired ptosis. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. In the case of myotonia congenita, the chloride channels that allow Cl to move across the membrane towards its equilibrium potential are defective, thus K+ is the only ion determining the membrane potential, and as more and more K+ accumulates in the transverse tubular system with each subsequent action potential the fiber depolarizes until the membrane potential comes close enough to the action potential threshold for spontaneous activity to ensue[17] Dis Mon. Eur J Hum Genet. (December 2002). Isr Med Assoc J. Treatment for this type of ptosis can vary as it is usually included in the broader treatment plan for the underlying disorder. An injury, infection, or autoimmune disease can cause it. Your eye doctor will assess your symptoms and decide how to move forward, with treatment, monitoring or preventing further progression. It can be congenital or acquired, or it can be neurogenic, myogenic, aponeurotic, mechanical, or traumatic in origin. National Library of Medicine. Mild ptosis may not be very noticeable nor cause any vision problems. This results in a slightly more depolarized membrane potential of the fiber during repeated action potentials, see Goldman equation. While the condition tends to present itself most frequently in people who are 50 and over, those who experience the initial stages of ptosis earlier in life can expect their eyelids to droop even further as they grow older and their skins elasticity decreases. Myotonic dystrophy mimicking bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Learn more about these symptoms, what causes ptosis, and the treatments that are available. Congenital ptosis is usually treated with surgery early in a childs life for cosmetic reasons and to prevent vision problems. (November 2016). [1] It is a nucleotide repeat disease with autosomal dominant inheritance. A scanner using a high-powered magnet and a computer creates images of the muscles. Design: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12064073?tool=bestpractice.com Myogenic ptosis: When muscle weakness such as muscular dystrophy causes a drooping . Visual acuity improves with manual elevation of the eyelid and facial soft tissues. The Academy uses cookies to analyze performance and provide relevant personalized content to users of our website. Medically Reviewed by Dr. Melody Huang, O.D. (September 2018). Myositis treatment varies according to the cause. This article will. The areas around the eyes may become tired and achy. If you have a Best Practice personal account, your own subscription or have registered for a free trial, log in here: If your hospital, university, trust or other institution provides access to BMJ Best Practice through services such as OpenAthens or Shibboleth, log in via this button: If you have been provided an access code, you can register it here: For any urgent enquiries please contact our customer services team who are ready to help with any problems. Most of our ptosis patients had chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (43%), oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD; 18%), and myotonic dystrophy (18%). Archives of Internal Medicine, 2005. Kirkegaard-Biosca E, Berges-Marti M, Azarfane B, Cilveti E, Distefano L, Garca-Arum J. Fundus flavimaculatus-like in myotonic dystrophy: a case report. Ocular and systemic findings associated with myogenic ptosis were examined. Dermatomyositis causes muscle weakness, plus a skin rash. [citation needed], With the advent of genetic testing, it has recently been found that some typically recessive mutations may occur in a dominant fashion in some individuals. An infectious disease (ID) is a disease caused by germs such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. 1. Most muscle pain is not caused by myositis, but by strain injuries, or ordinary illnesses like colds and flu. But once the muscles are warmed up, they can once again function normally. Types of Acquired Ptosis Ptosis may be classified by considering age at onset, etiology, severity and the remaining amount of levator palpebrae superioris function: Aponeurotic ptosis. Genetic counseling is available. Many collaborate with medical experts and researchers.Services of patient organizations differ, but may include: Clinical studies are part of clinical research and at the heart of all medical advances, including rare diseases. Researchers found a link between diabetic oculomotor nerve palsies and the ptosis. For milder cases, the surgery involves shortening and tightening the levator muscle or repairing the levator aponeurosis. This happens when the communication between nerves and muscles breaks down. Ascertainment of myotonic dystrophy through cataract by selective screening. However, many studies have shown that denervation of muscle fibers alter the resting membrane conductance, but whether this affects myotonia in the muscle has been subject to heavy debate, and results from experiments are inconclusive. Other symptoms that may be present with inflammatory conditions include: People with myositis caused by a virus usually have symptoms of a viral infection, such as runny nose, fever, cough and sore throat, or nausea and diarrhea. Approximately 90% of cases are caused by the bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. Untreated ptosis can cause astigmatism, amblyopia (lazy eye), and other eye conditions. 6,27,28 This can include . Suominen T, Bachinski LL, Auvinen S, et al. [3] DM2 is caused by a tetranucleotide CCTG repeat in the CNPB gene of chromosome 3.[4]. We report a case of an infant who presented with 2 episodes of severe sepsis and cytopenia, without overt symptoms of exocrine pancreatic deficiency or skeletal abnormalities. [16], In skeletal muscle fibers, a large transverse tubule system with a high surface-area to volume ratio exists. Modi, Pranav, and Tasneem Arsiwalla. These are some areas you can consider to improve your lifestyle: Other things you can do to reduce your risk of ptosis: Getting regular eye exams from your ophthalmologist can help detect ptosis, refractive errors, cataracts, and any other eye conditions. Further studies have instead found that DMPK trinucleotide expansion, which is the causative mutation in DM1, can also cause FECD clinical disease, likely through RNA-mediated toxicity. Unilateral transient mydriasis and ptosis after botulinum toxin injection for a cosmetic procedure. Epub 2020 Jun 27. Ophthalmology. Tarsal switch using an anterior approach to correct severe ptosis. It's caused when the muscles that hold the upper eyelids (levator palpebrae) cannot contract, causing droopiness. The levator muscle function 4. All rights reserved. Epub 2018 Mar 15. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. Rhabdomyolysis. eCollection 2015. Medicaid: Eligibility and Vision Benefits. [15] The frequency of FECD in DM1 patients has been estimated to be as high as 46%, making this an important and newly recognized ocular manifestation. Find resources for patients and caregivers that address the challenges of living with a rare disease, Emerging & Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (CDC), Learn more about the different types of clinical studies, ResearchMatch helps connect people interested in research studies, UMLSVocabulary Standards and Mappings Downloads, Access aggregated data from Orphanet at Orphadata, National Center for Biotechnology Information's, Newborn Screening Coding and Terminology Guide, Improving newborn screening laboratory test ordering and result reporting using health information exchange, Health Literacy Online: A Guide for Simplifying the User Experience, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, National Center for Advancing Translation Sciences, Ways to connect to others and share personal stories, Up-to-date treatment and research information, Lists of specialistsor specialty centers. Horner's syndrome is a neurological disorder that causes mild ptosis on one eye. [1] Symptoms include delayed relaxation of the muscles after voluntary contraction (myotonia), and may also include stiffness, hypertrophy (enlargement), transient weakness in some forms of the disorder (from certain genetic mutations), severe masseter spasm, and cramping. Parents transmit the disorder to their children, which is only possible if one parent has the condition. 2008;10(10):699-701. However, a fall into cold water may render the person unable to move for the duration of submergence. What do the numbers on your eyeglass frames mean? For these reasons, the process of diagnosing myositis can be long. 2018 Mar;45(2):165-170. doi: 10.5999/aps.2017.00465. Neurological conditions that affect the third cranial nerve (oculomotor nerve), such as upper herniation and aneurysm, put you at risk of contracting ptosis. [21], The name Thomsens disease refers to the Danish physician Julius Thomsen (18151896) who described the condition in himself and his family. Cataract surgery can cause post-operative ptosis. Methods: In ptosis, the upper eyelid falls to a position that is lower than normal. Environmental Factors That Contribute to Upper Eyelid Ptosis: A Study of Identical Twins, Difficulty blinking or closing the eyelids, Tilting the head back to see beneath the eyelids, Aching or tiredness around the eyebrows and eye area, Eye with ptosis has difficulty looking upwards, Higher eyelid crease on the affected side, Decreased vision or impaired field of vision if eyelid blocks the pupil, Eyelid appearance looks different when comparing recent photos to old photos, Avoid excessive eye rubbing or eyelid pulling, Reduce contact lens use when possible, including hard or soft contacts. It can affect one eye or both eyes and is more common in the elderly since the muscles of the eyelids may begin to deteriorate. Participants: Ptosis that is present at birth or within a childs first year is called congenital ptosis. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune eye disease that causes muscle fatigue and weakness. Sebasti R, Fallico E, Fallico M, Fortuna E, Lessa S, Neto GH. But as the muscles loosen up, a few steps later, they can once again begin to climb the steps at a normal pace. The affected eye also has a smaller pupil and may have a different colored iris compared to the other eye. Ptosis is an abnormal but painless eye condition in which the upper eyelid droops, potentially obstructing your vision. It is also known as blepharoptosis. Pyomyositis is rare bacterial infection of the skeletal muscle (the muscles used for movement). Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. High levels of muscle enzymes, such as creatine kinase, may mean there is muscle inflammation. government site. A subscription is required to access all the content in Best Practice. Diagnosis of Tensilon-Negative Ocular Myasthenia Gravis By Daily Selfie. 2020 Oct;66(10):101040. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101040. Ptosis is known as the drooping of the upper eyelid, and the patient usually presents with the complaint of the defect in vision and cosmesis. Brook JD, McCurrach ME, Harley HG, et al. [3]Anderson RL, Nowinski TS. The .gov means its official. ClinicalTrials.gov, an affiliate of NIH, provides current information on clinical research studies in the United States and abroad. Eye . Senescent slippage of the aponeurosis is the most common cause of mild to moderate ptosis in the elderly. Urine may also turn a dark brown or red color. Rhabdomyolysis occurs when muscles break down quickly. Epub 2016 Jan 27. Injury. The most frequent cause of congenital Horners syndrome is birth trauma. Ptosis after cataract surgery. We may earn commissions if you purchase something via one of our links. The condition will affect how the levator palpebraefunctions, presenting itself as ptosis. Slowly Progressive Ophthalmoplegia as a Presenting Symptom of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. A brain aneurysm is an emergency and requires immediate medical attention. Talk to a trusted doctor before choosing to participate in any clinical study. Acquired blepharoptosis secondary to essential blepharospasm. Horners syndrome occurs when damage to the nerve pathway prevents neural information transmission between the brain and the eyes. [2] But in either form of myotonia congenita, the term's strictest sense reflects that the disease is genetically present from birth, although the clinical onset may be delayed. Indian J Ophthalmol. Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a multi-system disease characterized by myopathy, myotonia, and other multi-organ manifestations. [5][6][7] Abnormalities in saccadic velocity have also been noted in DM, likely due to extraocular muscle myotonia which is more pronounced after prolonged fixation. Any acute onset of ptosis, especially with other ocular or orbital symptoms, justifies further investigation with ophthalmologic consultation. This page has been accessed 83,515 times. The etiologies for unilateral ptosis in adults include involutional, traumatic, myogenic (eg, muscular dystrophy), neurogenic (eg, myasthenia gravis), and mechanical (eg, eyelid or orbital mass). Enroll in databases to allow researchers from participating institutions to find you. Most of the factors causing acquired ptosis are difficult to control. An estimate of the vertical interpalpebral fissure (PF), margin-reflex distance (MRD), and levator function (LF) is helpful to assist in determining the cause of ptosis. When shes not working, Dr. Huang loves reviewing new skin care products, trying interesting food recipes, or hanging with her adopted cats. [23][24] It is also possible to achieve myotonia in preparations of intact isolated muscle by greatly lowering or removing the extracellular content of chloride in the bathing medium. If that happens, go to your doctor. Viruses or bacteria may invade muscle tissue directly, or release substances that damage muscle fibers. If the ptosis is mild and there is no underlying disease to address, treatment may not be necessary. Myotonia congenita is a congenital neuromuscular channelopathy that affects skeletal muscles (muscles used for movement). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Weakness, swelling, and pain are the most common myositis symptoms. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 2021;41(4):e741-e742. A review of surgical management of progressive myogenic ptosis. National Library of Medicine. Ptosis as the only manifestation of diabetic superior division oculomotor nerve palsy, Blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome. 2021;21(1):240. This is the gene encoding the protein CLCN1, that forms the ClC-1 chloride channel, critical for the normal function of skeletal muscle cells. [12] Another hypothesis states that the few remaining functional chloride channels in muscle may become more active with increased muscle activity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) describes an array of hereditary myopathies affecting extraocular muscles (EOMs), commonly manifesting as bilateral ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. Myositis causes can be divided into several categories: Inflammatory conditions. But it can be corrected with simple medical interventions. AMP declares that he has no competing interests. [10], Adrenaline/epinephrine is well known to make myotonia worse in most individuals with the disorder, and a person with myotonia congenita may experience a sudden increase in difficulty with mobility in a particularly stressful situation during which adrenaline is released. National Library of Medicine. The best way to deal with it is control the symptoms. In most cases, DM is diagnosed clinically in the setting of intellectual disability, muscle pain, or muscle weakness. Aponeurotic ptosis is the most common form of ptosis. Common cold and flu viruses, as well as HIV, are just a few of the viruses that can cause myositis. National Center for Biotechnology Information. J Med Genet. 2013 Feb;32(1):12-5. doi: 10.3109/01676830.2012.736599. [3] People with Becker disease often experience temporary attacks of muscle weakness, particularly in the arms and hands, brought on by movement after periods of rest. [15] Like chloride channel mutations, patients with sodium channel mutations may have a very varied phenotype, making a diagnosis more difficult. National Library of Medicine. Ptosis may occur in one or both eyelids. Learn about symptoms, cause, support, and research for a rare disease. One in particular has been used widely, the adr mouse or "arrested development of righting response". As you get older, your muscles become weak and lose their elastic properties. [citation needed], Trip J, Faber CG, Ginjaar HB, van Engelen BG, Drost G (2007) Warm-up phenomenon in myotonia associated with the V445M sodium channel mutation. Orbicularis oculi muscle strength. There is no cure for these diseases, but you can treat the symptoms. The primary NIH organization for research on, MedlinePlus links to health information from the National Institutes of Health and other federal government agencies. Myositis means inflammation of the muscles that you use to move your body. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. Most adults typically contract acquired ptosis later in life from a variety of factors including: Depending on the severity of the disorder, different treatment methods are usually employed including: Children typically have congenital Ptosis, which occurs while the baby is in the womb, and can be observed during birth. Conditions causing inflammation throughout the body may affect the muscles, causing myositis. Of those who do, symptoms include headache, brow ache, and decreased visual acuity and visual field. Take steps toward getting a diagnosis by working with your doctor, finding the right specialists, and coordinating medical care. Superior visual field loss is most common; however, central vision can also be adversely affected. Ptosis that affects adults is different from the one that affects the children, so doctors have various forms of treatment. The weakness may be noticeable or may only be found with testing. Severity of symptoms can vary greatly between individuals and throughout the lives of the individuals themselves. Myositis related to a drug is treated by stopping the medication. They may offer online and in-person resources to help people live well with their disease. , vol. [Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: Bilateral, asymmetric, congenital myogenic ptosis (note poor left upper eyelid crease)From the collection of Dr Allen Putterman [Citation ends]. If there is poor eyelid function, surgeons can also perform Frontalis sling surgery. 1989;107:448-452. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2923572?tool=bestpractice.com, From the collection of Dr Allen Putterman. Overview Myasthenia gravis (my-us-THEE-nee-uh GRAY-vis) causes muscles under your voluntary control to feel weak and get tired quickly. Pseudoptosis is associated with a gradual loosening and sagging of the eyelid skin and is common in older people. There are two major forms of DM: Myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1), historically termed Steinerts disease, and myotonic dystrophy 2 (DM2). This can be caused by nerve damage, underlying medical conditions, or. Are contact lenses a good choice for kids? For example, if a person has not spoken for awhile and then wants to speak, their tongue may be stiff at first causing the words to come out a little garbled, but after a few seconds of trying to speak, the tongue muscle will loosen up and then they can speak normally for the remainder of the time that they are conversing. Muscle biopsy. 2010;166(5):538-541. Signs and symptoms may include pain and tenderness of the affected muscle, fever, and abscess formation. Third cranial nerve palsy is a neurological condition that causes ptosis, double vision, eye turn (down and out), and in some cases, a dilated pupil. Clin Auton Res. The most common ocular finding other than ptosis and ophthalmoplegia was pigmentary retinopathy (25%). Symptoms Diagnosis Causes Treatment Prevention References Ptosis is an abnormal but painless eye condition in which the upper eyelid droops, potentially obstructing your vision. It is a genetic disorder.The hallmark of the disease is the failure of initiated contraction to terminate, often referred to as delayed relaxation of the muscles and rigidity. The doctor will examine the parts of your eye, such as the pupil and the swollen eyelids. EMG can identify muscles that are weak or damaged by myositis. MedlinePlus also links to health information from non-government Web sites. 2018 Jan-Mar;8(1):3-8. doi: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_70_17. While the most common cause of ptosis in adults is involutional ptosis related to levator dehiscence, other diagnoses should be considered in patients . Botulinum is a drug used by physicians to reduce wrinkles on the face. Many different medications and drugs can cause temporary muscle damage. Myositis is caused by any condition that leads to inflammation in the muscles. Eye rubbing over the course of many years due to allergies, contact lens discomfort and other irritation can accelerate its development. Some people with myositis have muscle pain, but many do not. Home / Eye Conditions & Diseases / Ptosis. ScienceDirect. Congenital myogenic, acquired aponeurotic, and involutional forms of ptosis represent the most common causes of ptosis among children and adults. Some of them cause acquired ptosis, and others cause congenital ptosis. [8] It has further been shown that in chemically-induced myotonia in isolated rat muscle, myotonia could be dampened by increasing the magnesium and calcium content of the extracellular medium. This . We recommend checking this site often and searching for studies with related terms/synonyms to improve results. 1993;24:546-550. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8233320?tool=bestpractice.com. . Rhabdomyolysis occurs when muscles break down quickly. Careers. Persistent left-sided ptosis was noted in both presentations. Rider, L. The Journal of the American Medical Association, January 12, 2011. (June 2013). The five-flap technique for blepharophimosis. Eyelid edema can also present itself as ptosis following surgery. For any urgent enquiries please contact our customer services team who are ready to help with any problems. Clinical Heterogeneity in Familial Congenital Ptosis: Analysis of Fourteen Cases in One Family Over Five Generations. Accessibility Treatment depends on the type of ptosis a person has and the severity. Trauma that damages your eyelid muscles or nerves can result in ptosis. Electrocardiography is critical to assess for cardiac conduction defects in all DM patients. 2004 Feb;111(2):411; author reply 411. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.12.012. The expected long-term progression of the disease 3. 2023 Feb;42(1):11-24. doi: 10.1080/01676830.2022.2122514. Clinical Heterogeneity in Familial Congenital Ptosis: Analysis of Fourteen Cases in One Family Over Five Generations, Ptosis in childhood: A clinical sign of several disorders. 1989;107:448-452. Papadopoulos C, Kekou K, Xirou S, Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Kararizou E, Papadimas GK. Ophthalmic management of DM consists largely of treatment of ocular sequelae. Ptosis, also referred to as blepharoptosis, is defined as an abnormal low-lying upper eyelid margin with the eye in primary gaze. Adults may be affected by associated involutional changes to the facial soft tissues that exacerbate or mask signs of ptosis. The association between DM1 and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) was described relatively recently after several members of a cohort of DM patients were noted to also have corneal abnormalities consistent with FECD.

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