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in establishing minimum design and construction requirements for the energy efficiency of residential and commercial buildings, including site-built residential and modular homes. Accordingly, ACEEE emphasized this is another reason why DOE should not set tiers. 4-6), In response to August 2021 SNOPR and October 2021 NODA, Clayton Homes stated that proposed Tier 1 energy conservation standards are a reasonable first step in raising the energy standards for MH. 1600 at p. 6) TMHA stated the IECC was never intended to apply to HUD-Code manufactured homes and as proven in Texas it poses significant issues to the factory-built home manufacturing process at affordable price points. For presentational purposes of this table, the climate benefits associated with the average SC-GHG at a 3 percent discount rate are shown, but the Department does not have a single central SC-GHG point estimate, and it emphasizes the importance of considering the benefits calculated using all four SC-GHG estimates. Ductless heat pump. 1592 at p. 18) In the June 2016 NOPR, DOE did not propose adopting this requirement because excluding these types of doors from this proposed rulemaking also would represent the loss of a significant source of home energy conservation. To continue operating, coal plants must have either flue gas desulfurization or dry sorbent injection systems installed. DOE evaluated the impacts of the standard of different groupings of small manufacturers based on revenue. Manufactured homes, sometimes referred to as HUD code homes, are built, in a factory, on a permanent chassis, are transportable in one or more sections, are used as single family dwellings and may be sited with or without a permanent foundation. The information collection requirements contained in this final rule have been approved by the OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. Uo The Manufactured Housing Section of the Insurance and Safety Fire Commissioners Office regulates the Manufactured Housing Industry in Georgia. (ACC FSC, No. e.g., Accordingly, DOE concludes that the final rule will not have the impact on loan qualification that the commenters suggest, and to the extent there are such impacts, Tier 1 of the final rule helps mitigate them because of the lower first-costs. (5) at the manufactured home sites where this combustion occurs, DOE also accounted for the reduction in these site emissions and the associated upstream emissions due to the standards. R- On October 26, 2021, DOE published a NODA regarding updated inputs and results of corresponding analyses presented in the August 2021 SNOPR (both tiered and untiered approaches), including a sensitivity analysis regarding an alternate sized based tier threshold and an alternate exterior wall insulation requirement (R-21) for certain HUD zones. , and in the October 2021 NODA, presented updated analyses based on this report and sought comment on the report and these updates. 17071(a)(2)(b)), and (2) base the standards on the most recent version of the IECC, except in cases in which the Secretary finds that the code is not cost-effective, or a more stringent standard would be more cost-effective, based on the impact of the codeon the purchase price of manufactured housing and on total life-cycle construction and operating costs. PBP: (42 U.S.C. (NBI, No. Combustion emissions of CH4 1565 at p. 3) Another individual commenter commented that although the rule would incur some upfront costs, there is long-term benefit in the rule related to reducing carbon emissions. Previous 1 Next Showing 1 to 65 of 65 entries Show entries Available at: [55] regulatory information on FederalRegister.gov with the objective of The calculation uses discount rates of 3 and 7 percent for all costs and benefits. (NPCC, No. However, the increase in home prices, especially in Zone 2 is significant and, in this zone, the life-cycle cost savings are relatively slight. 17071; 42 U.S.C. 1. 1028 at p. 18), On the other hand, Clayton Homes stated that the proposed rule would impose more extreme changes than the industry can absorb in one code cycle, and recommended that the implementation period should be 5 years. Start Printed Page 32749. (Redwood Energy, No. VEIC applauded DOE's inclusion of a continuous insulation requirement for zones 2 and 3. 39. 1631 at p. 5) ACEEE stated that manufacturers may shift an even larger fraction of homes within perhaps $10,000 of the threshold to Tier 1 with little change in the actual homes. 1531-1538) establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the effects of their regulatory actions on state, local, and tribal governments, and the private sector. DOE agrees with ACEEE that the application of deadweight loss for this rulemaking is complex and DOE does not have sufficient data to provide a thorough analysis. 1497 at p. 2), In response to the August 2021 SNOPR and October 2021 NODA, Clayton Homes commented that insulated foam sheathing is not a good option for manufactured homes because it adds a layer of flexible foam product between rigid framing and sheathing materials, which adversely impacts homes transportation performance. [56] Nothing in this definition should be interpreted to mean that a manufactured home necessarily meets the requirements of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Minimum Property Standards (HUD Start Printed Page 32750 For the June 2016 NOPR-proposed Climate Zone 1, DOE analyzed a range of window SHGC from 0.25 to 0.40. When did a ground cover vapor barrier (plastic sheet) become required under a mobile/manufactured home? ). As a result of the Fifth Circuit's order, the preliminary injunction is no longer in effect, pending resolution of the federal government's appeal of that injunction or a further court order. 17071(b)(2)(B)) The potential for climatic differences to affect energy consumption supports an approach in which energy conservation standards account for geographic differences in climate. factor must not exceed 0.48 in Climate Zone 2 or 0.40 in Climate Zone 3. (RECA, No. However, for the calculations that MHI performed, they did not evaluate the addition of continuous exterior insulation due to the installation and transportation issues involved with this product. This includes minimum fan efficacy requirements for HRV and ERV, and air handlers that are integrated to tested and listed HVAC equipment, in addition to more stringent minimum efficacy requirements for in-line supply or exhaust fans, other exhaust fans (with separate requirements for fans having a minimum airflow rate of <90 cubic feet per minute (CFM) and 90 CFM). DOE's review of the 2021 CFPB Report, presented the following key findings: Manufactured home homeowners tend to have lower incomes (median is $52,000 for manufactured home homeowners with chattel ( Each manufactured home equipped with a duct system, which may include air handlers and filter boxes, must be sealed to limit total air leakage to less than or equal to four (4) cubic feet per minute per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area at a pressure differential of 0.1 inch w.g. Whole-house mechanical ventilation system NEMS enables EIA to make projections under internally consistent sets of assumptions. You may also signup to receive Department announcements and website updates here Manufactured Housing Email List Membership Area (state.tx.us) Marsh. Further details on specification can be found here: https://codes.iccsafe.org/public/collections/I-Codes. If testing is required to be performed by a third-party or in cases where the installer is not capable of performing the testing, the additional cost of testing could be $600 or more. DOE notes that the standards adopted in this final rule are similar to those already required by the HUD Code. With regards to the 2021 IECC updates, DOE did not incorporate the minimum ceiling While DOE did not consider ceiling insulation levels beyond R-38, DOE notes that almost all roof truss designs can accommodate insulation up to R-40, but there is a very small incremental improvement in thermal performance between R-38 and R-40. requirements. x2C {#B" "}}'B J10Su The minimum wall They stated that the tiered approach provides options for builders and manufacturers when implementing building thermal envelope requirements. The ROD finalizes DOE's considerations of the environmental impacts under the NEPA process and memorializes DOE's determinations and approach chosen consistent with this final rule. (b) On March 16, 2022, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals (No. i.e., 1629 at p. 2, 3) While CEC acknowledged that to make the standards meaningful, DOE has discretion to adopt standards based on the IECC rather than identical IECC standards, they disagreed with DOE's conclusion that this discretion extends to the bifurcated application of IECC standards based on cost or configuration in a way that reduces energy savings, utility savings, or greenhouse gas emissions. This IECC requirement has been both accepted by the MH working group and has been implemented for years, as it was in the 2015 version of the IECC as well. The cost of each permit is $60.00 and can now be purchased online through the OCI Citizenserve Portal. In calculating the potential global benefits resulting from reduced CO2 Therefore, DOE has included a clarification in 460.1 of the regulatory text that the requirements apply to the manufactured home as manufactured at the factory, prior to distribution in commerce for sale or installation in the field. https://www.energycodes.gov/sites/default/files/2021-07/2021IECC_CostEffectiveness_Final_Residential.pdf. : Area median income. A significant energy action is defined as any action by an agency that promulgates or is expected to lead to promulgation of a final rule, and that: (1) Is a significant regulatory action under E.O. 1988 at p. 1-2). emissions limits under CSAPR, any excess SO2 which for adding foam sheathing (wall insulation from House B to House C in Table 39) found a cost of $936. Glazed or glazing Dropped soffit Otherwise, the remaining Tier 2 EEMs are consistent with the recommendations from the MH working group, except based on the three HUD zones (as opposed to the four climate zones recommended in the Term sheet). endstream endobj 620 0 obj <>stream DOE estimates reductions in emissions of six pollutants associated with energy savings: Carbon dioxide (CO2), mercury (Hg), nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide (NOX), sulfur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2 California Department of Housing and Community Development Grants & Funding Manufactured & Mobilehomes Building Standards Planning & Community Development Policy & Research About HCD Division Offices Need help with registration & titling, permit requirements, inspections, mobilehome/manufactured home and more? Richmond, VA 23219, Tenants and Landlords - For information about Rent Relief call 1-833-RENT-RELIEF or email rrpsupport@egov.com, Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development, 2020 ArchivedNotice of Receipt of Offer to Purchase, 2021 Archived Notice of Intent to Sell and Notice of Purchase Offer. x Schulte commented that the requirement that the duct sealing should be done in accordance with the duct manufacturer's instructions is consistent with the approach used for many manufactured housing systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2021. Developing energy conservation standards based on the HUD zones, as permitted under EISA, necessitates deviating from the IECC. These estimates were updated in 2013 based on new versions of each IAM. To get it registered, you need to follow a few more steps than you would with a used mobile home. 12866. Further, as stated previously, DOE has consulted both with HUD and engaged with the MHCC with regard to this rulemaking, and has incorporated information and considerations provided by HUD and the MHCC into this final rule.[38]. DOE developed shipments for each of the tiers using the MHS 2020 PUF data. AEO 2021 (Select Representatives of Congress, No. What is a "HUD label verification letter" for a mobile/manufactured home? The IECC is developed through a consensus process that seeks input from a number of relevant stakeholders and is updated on a rolling basis, with new editions of the IECC published approximately every three years. In the absence of further intervening court orders, DOE will revert to its approach prior to the injunction and presents monetized benefits where appropriate and permissible under law. headings within the legal text of Federal Register documents. NES: (42 U.S.C. Further, consistent with the August 2021 SNOPR and the October 2021 NODA, DOE continues to include prescriptive requirements that would establish specific component minimum R-value, maximum U-factor, and SHGC requirements, providing a straightforward option for construction planning. The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in this rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register on August 1, 2022. 1640 at p. 2-4) TMHA commented that the pricing data that DOE uses has a tremendous amount of lag. Air barrier The following paragraphs discuss comments DOE received regarding the service hot water requirements proposed in the August 2021 SNOPR. (UC Law School, No. 32. means glass or other transparent or translucent glazing material, including framing materials, installed at an angle greater than 60 degrees (1.05 rad) from horizontal. As part of the energy efficiency measures, DOE considered the updates to the 2021 IECC. Borrowers who own their land can either finance their home purchase with a chattel loan or a mortgage, whereas those who do not own their land are typically only able to finance with a chattel loan. As discussed previously, the tiered standards are based on the 2021 IECC, and DOE has found them cost-effective consistent with the other considerations contained in EISA. 1617 at p. 7). DOE received several comments on the August 2021 SNOPR regarding the removal of ACCA Manual J and ACCA Manual S references. SC-GHGs) using the estimates presented in the Technical Support Document: Social Cost of Carbon, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Interim Estimates under Executive Order 13990 published in February 2021 by the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases (IWG) (IWG, 2021). The MH working group recommended the inclusion of this specification in the final rule. DOE received comments in support of the requirement to limit duct air leakage to 4 cfm per 100 square feet of conditioned floor area when ducts are pressurized to 25 Pascals. 86 FR 59042, 59044. La.). As part of developing energy conservation standards for manufactured housing, DOE has undertaken a multi-stage process providing numerous opportunities for public comment and engagement, as discussed in further detail in section II.B.3 of this document. 1624 at p. 2) MHARR claimed that, in DOE's cost-benefit analysis, DOE does not include estimated costs for testing, enforcement, regulatory compliance, or costs related to regular changes to the IECC, therefore making DOE's cost analysis invalid. DOE analyzed the effect the standards would have on manufacturer production costs. 13783 fail to fully capture many climate impacts that affect the welfare of U.S. citizens and residents, and those impacts are better reflected by global measures of the SC-GHG. First, DOE calculated a present value in 2016, the year used for discounting the net present value of total consumer costs and savings, for the time-series of costs and benefits using discount rates of three and seven percent for all costs and benefits except for the value of CO2 discussed in section IV.D.2 of this document. In addition, having an air barrier between the showers/tubs and the exterior wall is necessary to prevent energy loss through these gaps and to prevent the shower or tub enclosures from getting too cold. Further, the availability of R-30 insulation in a blanket style may be an issue in meeting this requirement or force further production changes to accommodate other styles of insulation. 2020 or 2030), and then discounted the present value from each year to 2020. 1499 at p. 2); (Mississippi MHA, No. . Most of those paper stickers have been tossed during a remodeling or covered over in layers of paint, and the ones that are still in place provide little information. Code of Federal Regulations. (Select Representatives of Congress, No. The following paragraphs discuss comments DOE received regarding the mechanical ventilation fan efficacy requirements proposed in the August 2021 SNOPR. MHCC stated that getting a truss tested and approved for use in accordance with the HUD standard could cost upwards of $2,500 per design. (42 U.S.C. For enhanced envelope performance, not only did NEEA encourage DOE to increase the attic insulation to align with the IECC 2021 prescriptive path, but also to insert an additional efficiency package focused on envelope improvements that could reward manufacturers who are already building efficient envelopes. 1497 at p. 2); (Skyline Champion, No. DOE has not included the monetary impacts of the reduction of Hg for this rule. MH: The monetized climate and health benefits were not factored into DOE's determination of whether the final rule is cost-effective under section 413 of EISA 2007. 1974 at p. 10, 11) DOE notes that the NES does not account for the energy savings for the people who do not buy a manufactured home under the standards case because they are price-sensitive (using price elasticity of demand discussion in the next section). means capable of being operated by personal intervention. Accordingly, for the NIA, DOE determined the Marshall and Marsh study is still the most recent and accurate estimate of consumer demand based on price changes for manufactured housing and therefore, DOE maintains use of the 0.48 elasticity value. (MHCC, No. generally requires an agency to conduct a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment rulemaking requirements, unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 1592 at p. 16, 23) UCB stated that DOE should use the untiered standards if they are to choose a price-based alternative, but otherwise consider other potentially effective options for determining energy efficiency thresholds. regulatory information on FederalRegister.gov with the objective of In accordance with the statutory provisions discussed in this document, this rule would establish energy conservation standards for manufactured homes based on the most recent IECC, except in cases in which DOE finds that the IECC is not cost-effective, or a more stringent standard would be more cost-effective, based on the impact of the code on the purchase price of manufactured housing and on total life-cycle construction and operating costs, and taking into consideration the design and factory construction techniques of manufactured homes. 1350 at p. 3); (Adventure Homes, No. Generation of this report involved a rigorous, formal, and documented evaluation using objective criteria and qualified and independent reviewers to make a judgment as to the technical, scientific, and business merit; the actual or anticipated results; and the productivity and management effectiveness of programs and/or projects. Uo Id. 1589 at p. 3, 6); (MHI, No. (ICC, No. 1622 at p. 2); (VAMMHA, No. Skyline Champion went on to note that design choices could lead to assembly changes and capital expenditures, such as jig and station adjustments. 25. (b) Any programmable thermostat installed by the manufacturer that controls the heating or cooling system must. They stated that the E. Levy et al. As discussed in detail in section I.A of this document, while manufacturers may incur costs to update designs to meet the proposed standards, DOE's analysis indicates these costs are outweighed by the benefits gained in energy savings by Table IV.22 presents the global values of the CO2 DOE should require third-party providers be accredited to ISO/IEC 17020, which ensures the competence of inspection bodies, their impartiality, and the consistency of their inspection activities. R- (Schulte, No. Pursuant to this discretion afforded by Congress, DOE is establishing tiered standards based on the 2021 IECC. MHI further stated that this increase will have a disproportionate impact on minority communities, who face the most significant burden in obtaining affordable homeownership, and that this would be in direct contrast to the Administration's goal of achieving racial equity in homeownership. 86 FR 47744, 47772. Site emissions of the above gases were estimated using emissions intensity factors from an EPA publication. Any home that exceeds these dimensions will require a special permit which will cost the customer more in transportation costs. 17071. 1307 at p. 1); (American Homestar, No. When were the first double-wide mobile homes manufactured? MHI recommended deleting the proposed provision requiring that, when service hot water systems are installed by the manufacturer, the manufacturer must ensure that any maintenance instructions received from the service hot water system manufacturer are provided with the manufactured home. R- While every effort has been made to ensure that ) pollution, in order to address the interstate transport of pollution with respect to the 1997 and 2006 PM2.5 Further, DOE also received a number of comments from individual commenters. 1622 at p. 2); (VAMMHA, No. MMHA suggested that DOE should be accounting for the costs of additional labor or the additional Uo (overall thermal transmittance) (42 U.S.C. many single section homes), DOE concludes that low-income consumers would not be priced out by the Tier 1 standards adopted in this final rule. 17071(b)(2)(A)) As discussed previously, DOE found the 2021 IECC-based adopted final rule cost-effective consistent with section 413 of EISA. (NAHB, No. 940 at p. 1) Another individual commenter suggested that either tier would be a big upgrade from current requirements. In addition, as discussed in III.B.1 of this document, DOE understands that affordability is directly tied with manufactured home size, in that single-section homes are consistently less expensive than multi-section homes. A number of other stakeholders, including industry stakeholders, have also provided information, data, and opinions regarding the rule. For purposes of capturing the uncertainties involved in regulatory impact analysis, DOE has determined it is appropriate to include all four sets of SC-CO2 i.e., Cubic feet per minute. DOE performed these calculations based on typical wall, ceiling, and floor assemblies used by the manufactured home industry. (APGA, No. DOE is incorporating by reference ACCA Manuals J and S in 460.205 of the regulatory text and would relate to the selection and sizing of heating and cooling equipment. Payback period. To estimate the number of companies that manufacture manufactured housing covered by this rulemaking, DOE conducted a market survey using publicly available information. Air changes per hour at 50 Pascals pressure difference between the inside and outside of the home. Idaho Code requires the Manufacturers Installation Manual must be used for all NEW manufactured home installations. In addition, commenters stated that DOE's energy conservation standards must balance affordability with energy efficiency, which commenters alleged the proposed rule did not. . However, they are concerned that the proposed changes do not use R-11, but rather the lowest insulation value used is R-13. DOE also issued a comprehensive technical support document. SNOPR: Modular homes are generally excluded from the coverage of the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act and constructed to the same state, local or regional building codes as site-built homes. Since then these homes are legally referred to as Manufactured Homes, even though in the U.S. they are still commonly called mobile homes. 1990 at p. 20) The August 2021 SNOPR proposal did not specify that duct systems must have supply ducts be sealed to the limit total air leakage or any specific sealing provisions; rather, the proposal generally specified that a manufactured home equipped with a duct system be sealed to limit total air leakage. recommended that DOE expand upon its rationale for adopting a global damages valuation and for the range of discount rates it applied to climate effects, and presented potential legal, economic, and policy justifications for the methodological approach presented in the August 2021 SNOPR. 1592 at p. 8) Further, MHI stated that the use of continuous insulation is problematic due to the required changes in design, associated costs, and need for products that do not exist. Within Tier 1, DOE estimates a 0.55 percent reduction in demand and availability of single-section homes for low-income purchasers due to Tier 1 standards. price for Tier 1 single-section homes is $660.

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