how many castles did henry viii buildstricklin-king obituaries

[159] Pendennis was the penultimate Royalist fortification to hold out in the war, followed by Portland Castle which finally surrendered in April 1646. [193] Mersea Fort and East Tilbury fell into ruin and were abandoned, the latter being submerged by the Thames. [14] Catherine was the aunt of King Charles V of Spain, who took the annulment as a personal insult. [178] The Device Forts initially remained at the heart of the defences along the south coast, but their design was by now badly antiquated. The Device Forts emerged as a result of changes in English military architecture and foreign policy in the early 16th century. When Henry finished . [163] With both the coastal fortresses and the navy now under Royalist control, Parliament feared that foreign forces might be landed along the coast, or military aid sent to the Scots. [51] The efforts of the Hampton Court Palace architectural team, under the leadership of the Augustinian canon, Richard Benese, contributed to the high-quality construction and detailing seen in many of Henry's Device projects. This union with Europes principal royal dynasty was expected to herald a Tudor golden age, but alas fate, possibly in the form of the plague or even tuberculosis, would intervene, afflicting both Arthur and Katherine. These utilitarian fortifications were armed with artillery, intended to be used against enemy ships before they could land forces or attack ships lying in harbour. It was designed to impress and to proclaim Henry VIII 's power and magnificence. [242] Several of the Device Forts were brought back into service in this way. [225] New, quick-firing guns were installed at Hurst to enable the castle to engage the newer vessels. [119], After Henry's death there was a pause in the conflict with France, during which many of the new fortifications were allowed to deteriorate. [90], Large amounts of raw materials were also needed for the work, including stone, timber and lead and many other supplies. [41] Work began on Southsea Castle in 1544 on Portsea Island to further protect the Solent, and on Sandown Castle the following year on the neighbouring Isle of Wight. These included Hampton Court, the Tower of London and Windsor Castle. [172] Some of the fortifications were redesigned to provide more comfortable housing for their occupants. Almost all the houses acquired by the king in the 1530s and 40s were in the Home Counties and the south of England. [220] Hurst was fitted with two huge batteries of heavy rifled breech-loading guns, protected by iron armour plate, intended for use against fast-moving enemy warships. [25] In many cases temporary bulwarks for artillery batteries were built in during the initial stages of the work, ahead of the main stonework being completed. [189] Walmer became the official residence of the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, and Lionel Sackville, the Duke of Dorset, carried out extensive work there after 1708. Ownership of the palace passed to the king in 1528, and between 1532 and 1535 Henry added the magnificent Great Hall, which features possibly the most outstanding 16th-century hammer-beam roof in existence, followed by a new inner gatehouse in 1540, upon which features an extraordinary astronomical clock. [15] As a consequence, France and the Empire declared an alliance against Henry in 1538, and the Pope encouraged the two countries to attack England. [164], Essex also rose in rebellion in June and the town of Colchester was taken by the Royalists. Despite a French raid against the Isle of Wight in 1545, the Device Forts saw almost no action before peace was declared in 1546. [104][b] In total, 2,220 men were recorded as receiving pay that year, at a cost to the Crown of 2,208. by Ben Johnson Leeds Castle in Kent, England, has been called the "loveliest castle in the world". [150] Like Camber, St Andrew's and Netley were rapidly occupied and then decommissioned by Parliament. [254] Deal, Hurst, Pendennis and Portland opened in the 1950s, and Southsea in 1967. It's situation is stunning, set on two islands in a magnificent lake. [227] The original 16th-century parts of fortifications such as Southsea and Calshot were too small and unsuitable for modern weapons, however, and were instead used for mounting searchlights, range and direction finding; in some cases their fabric was left to slowly decline. [49] By the time that Henry died the following year, in total the huge sum of 376,000 had been spent on the Device projects. Log in, The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn by Eric Ives, Anne Boleyns Childhood Home Hever Castle. Ludlow, therefore, can claim to have been, at one time, home to two future Tudor queens of England. [56] One of these foreign engineers, Stefan von Haschenperg from Moravia, worked on Camber, Pendennis, Sandgate and St Mawes, apparently attempting to reproduce Italian designs, although his lack of personal knowledge of such fortifications impacted poorly on the end results. Anne Boleyn at the the Chateau Vert pageant, The Art of Courtly Love: Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII, Reflections on Annes Remarks at her Trial, Anne Boleyn, the late Quene, from The Inventory of King Henry VIII, Walking the Route of Anne Boleyns Coronation Procession, Anne Boleyns reaction to Catherine of Aragons death, Anne Boleyns Remains & Restoration of the chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula, An Education: The shaping of Elizabeth I, through childhood events and academic pursuit, Interview with Ashlie Jensen (Aka Elizabeth Tudor), Interview with Joanna Ferris Past Pleasures, Q & A with Emily Pooley Creator of Anne Boleyn Waxwork, Palaeography: reading old handwriting, 1500-1800, The Tudors: History, Culture and Religion, Tudor Movies, Television and Documentaries, Tudor Christmas and New Year Celebrations, Recipes, Food and Cooking in Tudor England, 17th May 1536- Execution of George Boleyn, Ghost of Catherine of Aragon- The Stories, https://onthetudortrail.com/Blog/2011/03/09/nonsuch-palace-henry-viiis-privy-palace/, http://www.burbage-wiltshire.co.uk/historic/wolfhall.html, Henrique VIII - Rei da Inglaterra - Histria e Curiosidades : Canal Londres, Innocentia Veritas Viat Fides Circumdederunt me inimici mei. 1 Hampton Court Palace Hampton Court Palace, which owes its origins to Henry VIII's imposing favourite Cardinal Wolsey, who commissioned the building in 1515. [44] Henry's fleet made a brief sortie, before retreating safely behind the protective fortifications. [5] The few new castles that were built during this time still incorporated the older features of gatehouses and crenellated walls, but intended them more as martial symbols than as practical military defences. Ironically, there was also a hidden Catholic chapel built in 1584 by its then-occupiers the Waldegraves, recusant papists who worshipped covertly during the reign of Annes daughter Elizabeth I when Catholicism was outlawed. In 1493, at the age of two, Henry was appointed Constable of Dover Castle and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. [13], In 1533 Henry broke with Pope Paul III in order to annul the long-standing marriage to his wife, Catherine of Aragon, and remarry. The period in which castles were built started around 900 AD, and lasted into the 16th century, when people like Henry VIII of England were still building some. [48] A peace treaty was agreed in June 1546, bringing an end to the war. [221] Tilbury Blockhouse was demolished to make way for heavier guns at the fort after 1868. [165] Meanwhile, Parliament defeated the Kentish insurgency at the Battle of Maidstone at the start of June and then sent a force under the command of Colonel Rich to deal with the castles of the Downs. 08 Aug 2021 Want to walk in the footsteps of King Henry VIII and visit sites that relate to the life of this iconic monarch? The Mary Rose and the Peter Pomegranate. [191] Portland suffered badly from coastal erosion and, protected only by a caretaker garrison, was reportedly not repaired for many years, and a 1714 survey found the long-neglected Pendennis Castle to be "in a very ruinous condition". [35] St Andrew's Castle was begun to further protect the Solent. Present Use: Demolished Greenwich Palace (Palace of Placentia) Location: Greenwich, on the site now occupied by the University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire Present Use: Demolished Greenwich Palace Hampton Court Palace Location: Richmond upon Thames, Surrey Present Use: Open to public Hampton Court Palace Hatfield Palace Henry VIII, who always fancied himself a military man, personally inspected the forts upon completion, although ultimately the invasion threat never truly materialised during his lifetime. [139] Lacking ammunition and powder, and with only a handful of its guns in adequate repair, Hurst was unable to prevent Flemish ships from passing along the Solent. The short answer to this is that in Henry's desperate bid to get a son, he made three big enemies, France, Spain and the Pope. These designs contained serious military flaws, however, and the second period of construction until 1547 saw the introduction of angular bastions and other innovations probably inspired by contemporary thinking in mainland Europe. [199] New gun batteries were constructed at Deal, Sandown in Kent and Tilbury, while Fort Mersea was brought back into service complete with a new battery as well. [7], Although fortifications could still be valuable in times of war, they had played only a limited role during the Wars of the Roses and, when Henry VII invaded and seized the throne in 1485, he had not needed to besiege any castles or towns during the campaign. [214] There were discussions about rearming Calshot, but these were rejected, in part due to concerns about the suitability of the 16th-century walls in modern warfare. In the late 15th century, Sudeley was briefly held by the future Richard III, who used the castle as his base prior to the battle of Tewkesbury in 1471, and later by Jasper Tudor, although by the dawn of Henry VIIIs reign it had returned to crown hands. Katherine quickly fell pregnant and retired to Sudeley to give birth to a child on 30 August 1548, who was named Mary. [257] Other forts were put to different uses: Netley was first used a nursing home, and then converted into private flats; Brownsea became a corporate hotel for the employees of the John Lewis Partnership; and Sandgate was restored in the 1970s to form a private home. Henry was a large, well-built athlete, over 6 feet [1.8 m] tall, strong, and broad in proportion. Hillsborough Castle; Life at the Tudor court. [73], These new fortifications were the most advanced in England at the time, an improvement over earlier medieval designs, and were effective in terms of concentrating firepower on enemy ships. Although parts of the palace received a Baroque makeover during the late 17th century, no other location in England is more recognisable for its Tudor connections. Today, tapestries adorn the walls of many current and historic royal residences. Situated on a rocky promontory beside the charming Cleddau estuary, Tudor involvement in Pembroke started in 1452 when Jasper Tudor, Henrys devoted uncle, was granted the earldom of Pembroke. There were far more gunports than there were guns held by the individual fortification. Known as the Great House of Easement, it once stood by the river, in the building to the right of . Edward was born at Hampton Court in October 1537, his mother Jane Seymour tragically passing away in her chamber just a fortnight later. [168] A Royalist fleet bombarded the Parliamentary positions and temporarily landed a force 1,500 Flemish mercenaries in support of the revolt, but a shortage of money forced their return to the Continent. No castle or manor house came anywhere near it for size, setting Henry VIII way above any potential rival. [72] The Thames blockhouses were typically protected on either side by additional earthworks and guns. [192] The French military dismissed Deal, Walmer and Sandown as being highly vulnerable to any potential attack, describing them in 1767 as "very old and little more than gun platforms". How many castles did Henry VIII build? [60] Medieval castles were private dwellings as well as defensive sites, and usually played a role in managing local estates; Henry's forts were organs of the state, placed in key military locations, typically divorced from the surrounding patterns of land ownership or settlements. In July of 1535, King Henry VIII and his court of over 700 people embarked on an epic official tour. [148] West Cowes was rapidly taken after firing on a nearby Parliamentary ship, and the Royalist commander at Yarmouth quickly negotiated a surrender of his tiny garrison. [198] Sandgate's keep was rebuilt to form a Martello tower as part of a wider programme of work along the south coast. Don't miss out on the chace to claim your copy of Tracy Borman's latest book when you subscribe today! See full answer below. The 'Ducal Mansion' was built on the site on the castle in 1660 but was burned down . [243] Southsea continued in service, and was involved in Operation Grasp, which seized the French fleet in 1940. [63] Some, including the major castles, including the castles of the Downs in Kent, were intended to be self-contained and able to defend themselves against attack from the land, while the smaller blockhouses were primarily focused on the maritime threat. [81] Yarmouth Castle, finished by 1547, was the first fortification in England to adopt the new arrow-headed bastion design, which had further advantages over a simple angular bastion. [59], Although some of the fortifications are titled as castles, historians typically distinguish between the character of the Device Forts and those of the earlier medieval castles. [91] Some materials could be sourced locally, but coal was shipped from the north of England and prefabricated items were brought in from London. In 1539 Henry VIII commissioned a. Catherine Howard Henry VIII Henry VIII's children Henry VIII's kitchens at Hampton Court Jane Seymour Katherine of Aragon Katherine Parr Tudor food and eating Chocolate fit for a king The gardens at Hampton Court Palace Historic hauntings at Hampton Court Palace The story of Hampton Court Palace Life at the Tudor court The Field of Cloth of Gold Some of the defences were left to deteriorate and were decommissioned only a few years after their construction. [212][e] Southsea Castle and St Mawes were extended with new gun batteries, Pendennis was re-equipped with heavier guns, and Hurst was extensively redeveloped. Nevertheless, the forts are historically fascinating because of their design; from the air, because of their semi-circular bastion towers, both pointedly resemble the Tudor Rose, an extreme if innovative attempt to brand the Tudor dynasty. [95] Milton Blockhouse was constructed on land that had recently been confiscated from Milton Chantry. [52][b] Sir Richard Morris, the Master of Ordnance, and James Needham, the Surveyor of the King's Works, led on the defences along the Thames. [12] Initially, therefore, Henry took little interest in his coastal defences; he declared reviews of the fortifications in both 1513 and 1533, but not much investment took place as a result. [151] In the north-east, Hull also sided with Parliament, and its castle and blockhouses were used as part of the town's defences during multiple sieges. Published: August 3, 2009 at 7:21 am. [133] In 1596 a Spanish invasion fleet carrying reportedly 20,000 soldiers set out for Pendennis, which was then garrisoned with only 500 men. Under Henry, it was to contain 1500 rooms and physically portrays the might of the Tudors. A plan of Whitehall Palace in 1680. Henrys connection with Pembroke was never forgotten, however, with his son Henry VIIIs second wife Anne Boleyn briefly holding the title Marquess of Pembroke. [78] The emerging continental approach used angled, "arrow-head" bastions, linked in a line called a trace italienne, to provide supporting fire against any attacker. [185], Some of the Device Forts played a role in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 against Charles' brother, King James II. Here, author and historian Nathen Amin takes you on a fascinating tour of eight castles in England and Wales with significant Tudor links, The Tudors are undoubtedly one of the most celebrated dynasties in English and Welsh history, their 118-year reign having left an indelible mark on the make-up of modern Britain: politically, religiously and culturally. [62], The forts were positioned to defend harbours and anchorages, and designed both to focus artillery fire on enemy ships, and to protect the gunnery teams from attack by those vessels. Henry spent huge amounts of money on the castle, and the building was a . By 1900, however, developments in guns and armour had made most of the Device Forts that remained in service simply too small to be practical in modern coastal defence. There's a host of top Henry VIII sites to visit including Hampton Court Palace, Eltham Palace and Banqueting House. The introduction of shell guns and steam ships created a new risk that the French might successfully attack along the south coast, and fears grew of a conflict in the early 1850s. One of the most impressive features of The Vyne is a superb Tudor chapel built from 1518-1527. The mighty king visited with Anne Boleyn during his western progress of 1535. [24] The route inland through a gap in the Kentish cliffs was guarded by Sandgate Castle. By entering your details, you are agreeing to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. [244] Others were used as support facilities; Yarmouth was requisitioned for military use; Portland was used for accommodation, offices and as an ordnance store, and West Cowes used as a naval headquarters for part of the D-Day landings. Tradition states that it was in one of the castles robust outer wards near the gatehouse the young Tudor child was born, a difficult birth for the young and slender mother that probably rendered Margaret infertile for the remainder of her tumultuous life. While Henry never returned to Raglan, in 1502 his queen Elizabeth of York did nevertheless pay a short visit. [202] Walmer Castle was used by its captain William Pitt the Younger then both prime minister and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports as the base for volunteer cavalry unit and a fleet of 35 armed fishing boats called luggers. Did King Henry the 8th build a palace? The King and his castle: how Henry II rebuilt his reputation. [152], Much of the south-west sided with the King; Device Forts such as St Catherine's were held by the Royalists from the beginning of the conflict. Nonsuch was the only house built from scratch. [70] Moats often surrounded the sites, to protect against any attack from land, and they were further protected by what the historian B. Morley describes as the "defensive paraphernalia developed in the Middle Ages": portcullises, murder holes and reinforced doors. Answer and Explanation: Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! The authorities were concerned that modern artillery shells striking the stone walls of Calshot's keep would create large numbers of stone splinters, incapacitating the gun crews. [102] There were only around 200 gunners across England during the 1540s; they were important military specialists, and the historians Audrey Howes and Martin Foreman observe that "an air of mystery and danger" surrounded them. (Photo by Chris Jackson/Getty Images) Hampton Court Palace is the quintessential Tudor location, irrevocably linked to Henry VIII. Whitehall Palace Before being destroyed by fire in 1698, Whitehall had grown to be one of the largest palaces in Europe, boasting an unbelievable 1500 rooms! [107] The number of guns varied considerably from site to site; in the late 1540s, heavily armed forts such as Hurst and Calshot held 26 and 36 guns respectively; Portland, however, had only 11 pieces. Coastal erosion over the centuries had taken its toll and some sites had been extensively damaged or completely destroyed. Construction and War: 1510 - 1520. Henry VIII needed to built castles to defend England against a possible attack from France and Spain (who had signed a ten year truce) .Possible attack from France and Spain was imminant.. [137] His government took little interest in the coastal defences and many of the Device Forts were neglected and fell into disrepair, with their garrisons' wages left unpaid. When were castles built? August 2, 2016 A view from above the stone manor shows the breathtaking grounds. [12] Indeed, traditionally the Crown had left coastal defences to local lords and communities, only taking a modest role in building and maintaining fortifications. Nathen Amin is the author of the first full-length biography of the Beaufort family, The House of Beaufort, released in 2017 and an Amazon #1 Bestseller for Wars of the Roses. [204] Calshot was used to store munitions for nearby Sea Fencibles. [107] Many forts also held supplies of bows, arrows and polearms, such as bills, pikes and halberds. [92], Most of the money for the first phase of Device works came from Henry's dissolution of the monasteries a few years before, and the revenues that flowed in from the Court of Augmentations and First Fruits and Tenths as a result.

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