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Phosphorus promotes rapid root growth, strong seedling development and high yields. Temperature and Moisture Effects on Forage Quality Appropriate selection of grass varieties is crucial to success in alfalfa/grass mixtures. Because most forage seeds must absorb more than their own weight in water, good seed-to-soil contact is essential for uniform emergence. Does Forage Quality Pay? Quick Stats Lite provides a more structured approach to get commonly requested statistics from our online database. Proper seedbed preparation is essential for providing adequate seed-to-soil contact and controlling perennial and annual weeds. A Focus on Forage fact sheet. This form needs Javascript to display, which your browser doesnt support. Inoculant Effects on Alfalfa Silage: In Vitro Gas and Volatile Fatty Acid Production Corn Silage vs. Alfalfa Spreadsheet Increased seeding year yields some grasses, such as Italian ryegrass, will establishfaster than the alfalfa and produce more total forage yield in seeding year than alfalfaalone. This first step to strong production must also include stand establishment, harvesting schedules, fertility and pest management considerations. We all intuitively known that driving over a plant damages it and compacts the soil, further reducing growth but we have not applied this to consider the associated yield losses to alfalfa. Connecting forage ivNDFD and performance has led to speculation that utilizing cool season grasses to increase ivNDFD of forage blends may increase DMI and milk yield, therefore increasing the value of the forage. Thus our recommendation is to seed moderate rates of grass and alfalfa as shown in the table. The average yield in the United States was estimated at a record high 177.0 bushels per acre, 5.6 bushels above the 2020 yield of 171.4 bushels per acre. A Focus on Forage Fact Sheet. University of Wisconsin Alfalfa Variety Performance Results USDA Dairy Forage Research Center. Should Calcium Be Applied to Wisconsin Soils? Potash is particularly required in large amounts relative to other crops. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus), UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station. Unlike corn and other grass crops, alfalfa can obtain nitrogen from the air. A spreadsheet for calculating the optimal first cutting date and net return per acre based on yield and RFV. Effects of bale moisture and bale diameter on spontaneous heating, dry matter recovery, in vitro true digestibility, and in situ disappearance kinetics of alfalfa-orchardgrass hays Maintaining soil potassium and, especially, phosphorus in a non-limiting status will improve alfalfa stand establishment, yield and survival (i.e., persistence). by Francisco Contreras-Govea, former UW Agronomy Research Associate, and Dr. Richard Muck, USDA Dairy-Forage Research Center. It is important to remember thatthe top yields in the Green-Gold programalways exceeded 7 tons/acre and often approached 10 tons per acre. What is the Cost of Seeding Low-Cost Alfalfa Seed? Potential to reduce non fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) of dairy rations Too muchreadily fermentable carbohydrate can reduce milk production through acute or sub acute rumen acidosis. In summary, alfalfa can be a high-yielding profitable crop if managed as such. Each day corn planting is delayed results in about 1 bu/a lost yield at a value of $2.5 to $3.00 per acre. Steps to Successful No-till Establishment of Forages Update on Predicting Harvest Time for Alfalfa Its well-documented that a field requiring patching or seed supplementing will never perform as well as the initial seeding operation. A second loss is the lost rotation benefit received by crops like corn that follow alfalfa in the rotation. Second, if we want anything to grow we need to feed it. Planting failures commonly are traced back to: Soil pH problems not compatible to the mix created. Research is developing new understanding of forage, fiber, and the animals ability to use them. Cloud, later planting dates (May 1 to 30) are advised. This may seem like a lot of alfalfa plants, but keep in mind that 60 percent . Calculating Alfalfa Optimum First Cut Date Spreadsheet Profitable forage production depends on high yields. USDA Dairy Forage Research Center, Potassium in Forages UW Extension Bulletin A2458, How to Take a Tissue Sample in Alfalfa developed by UW Extension Agents, Late Summer Alfalfa Seeding Undersander, and K.G. a NPM fact sheet to help growers monitor and make potato leafhopper treatment decisions, Potato Leafhopper Alfalfas #1 Insect Pest | Paper | Presentation | UW-Extension. Soil particles hold the water needed for germination. Adding Enzymes to Silage In vitro NDF Digestibility of Forages: The 30 vs 48 hr debate For these reasons, Italian ryegrass can be a good companion crop for alfalfa seedings under the right conditions. Presented at the 2002 Wisconsin Forage Symposium. UW Extension Bulletin A2309, Digestion Kinetics of Forages Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: Yield and Management of Roundup Ready Alfalfa, Roundup Ready, Low Lignin and Other New Traits in Alfalfas Future. The practice was popularized decades ago by beef producers. Written by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, Hard Seed in Alfalfa Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Alfalfa Silage or Perennial Ryegrass Silage Varieties offer high quality, fast recovery and persistence. A PowerPoint presentation developed by Eileen Cullen, UW-Extension Entomologist, What Happened to Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer? 2020 Wisconsin Alfalfa Yield and Persistence (WAYP) Program Summary, 2019 Wisconsin Alfalfa Yield and Persistence (WAYP) Program Summary, 2018 Wisconsin Alfalfa Yield and Persistence (WAYP) Program Summary, Alfalfa Management Guide Alfalfa establishment: Steps to maximize yield, More soil moisture, longer growing season, enhanced germination and cooler temperatures, Lack of available soil moisture, sclerotinia crown rot may be prevalent, need six to seven weeks of growth to survive the winter. A spreadsheet designed to evaluate the autotoxicity risk of seeding alfalfa fields back into alfalfa. Alfalfa has received some undue criticism forlow yield. Agricultural Agent. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, John E. Moore, University of Florida, and Nick Schneider, former Winnebago Co. UWEX Agriculture Agent. Written by Mike Rankin, Extension Crops and Soils Agent Fond du Lac County. Mark Renz, Extension Weed Scientist, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Costs and Benefits of Roundup-Ready Alfalfa in the Establishment Year | PowerPointPresentation | Sainfoin has pale pink flowers as shown in the photo. by Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist. Avoid unnecessary trips across the field when harvesting, Mowing and conditioning in a single operation. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus), UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station Supt and Brian Holmes (emeritus) ,UW-Extension Ag Engineer. Espaol version:Inoculantes Microbiales para ensilaje. by Bryan Jensen, Integrated Pest Management Program, UW Madison, Alfalfa Potato Leafhopper Resistance Update A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by John Peters (retired), UW Extension Soil Scientist, Applying Manure to Alfalfa Grass seeding rate had little effect on grass plant counts taken 30 to 40 days after seeding, ranging from 23% emergence at 15:85 grass:alfalfa to 19% emergence at 50:50 grass:alfalfa to 16% emergence at 75:25 grass:alfalfa. The root system requires good soil moisture in the early spring to regrow. Determining the Optimum Alfalfa Seeding Rate Statewide, average alfalfa hay yields on dryland are about 1.2 tons per acre, and 3.4 tons per acre under irrigation. So let's begin with a 15 pound per acre seeding rate (Figure 1). Use a regular grain drill with a small seed attachment or an alfalfa drill for planting. by Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist. Extensive pest management information is contained in this bulletin relative to weed, insect, and disease identification and control for alfalfa. NCR Research Report 346 by K. Kelling and M. Schmitt, Potassium in Forages Phosphorus and potassium levels, according to soil test, need to be in the upper medium to high range at the time of seeding. Using NDF Digestibility in Ration Formulation by UW-Extension Agents Ted Bay and Rhonda Gildersleeve, and Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist. When walking on soil prior to planting, the heel of your shoe shouldnt sink more than 3/8ths of an inch into the soil. A youtube video by University of Wisconsin Integrated Pest and Crop Management. by Dan Undersander. Connect with your County Extension Office , Find an Extension employee in our staff directory , Get the latest news and updates on Extension's work around the state, Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: info@extension.wisc.edu | 2023 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Privacy Policy | Non-Discrimination Policy & How to File a Complaint | Disability Accommodation Requests. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Mike Rankin, Extension Crops and Soils Agent Fond du Lac County. Orchardgrass, tall and meadow fescue and bromegrasses are dominant species to use in mixtures. A presentation given by T.J. Davis, Dave Hogg, and John Wedberg (emeritus) UW Dept. Understanding NDF Digestibility of Forages Sainfoin Not Recommended for Wisconsin by Pat Hoffman (emeritus),UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station, et al. Match genetics and management to these factors. by Mike Rankin, Crops and Soils Agent Fond du Lac Co., Joe Lauer, UW-Extension Corn Agronomist, and Jerry Doll (emeritus), UW-Extension Weed Management Specialist. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, Minimizing Wheel Traffic Damage to Alfalfa America's Alfalfa, the America's Alfalfa logo, HarvXtra and the Traffic Tested logo are registered trademarks of Forage Genetics International, LLC. by Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist. The agronomic reasons for adding grass to alfalfa are: Dairy nutritionists are becoming interested in including some grass because: Initial feeding trials we have run have indicated that that we could maintain high levels of milk production when replacing a portion of the corn silage and alfalfa with grass silage, even though dietary NDF increased slightly. There are more than 1 million acres of alfalfa in Minnesota, but the goal of maximizing yield isnt always realized. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus), UW Extension Dairy Scientist, and Nancy M. Brehm, University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Dairy Science. HarvXtra Alfalfa with Roundup Ready Technology is enabled with Technology from The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc. As you can see below, using USDA & extension averages along with current market data, alfalfa may be up to $100 more profitable per acre than corn and even more so when compared to soybeans. What did these farmers do different to get the high yields? Alfalfa has nutrient requirements that must be met for good yield. Alfalfa field crop trials results: From the University of Minnesota, M. Samantha Wells, Extension agronomist; Doug Holen, former Extension educator and Craig Sheaffer, agronomist, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences. Archived Ag Census Reports (2002 and prior - published every 5 years) Annual Agricultural Statistics. A cutting system with a fall-cut greatly improved the total season year yields. Unlike soil pH, you need to assess phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels throughout the alfalfa lifecycle. Optimize seedbed preparations, including for soil moisture, firmness and residue management. Marshfield Ag Res. Machinery Designs and Adjustments for Minimized Field Losses Estimating Alfalfa RFV in the Field using PEAQ (chart & directions for use) Annual production costs for established alfalfa or alfalfa-grass hay as well as a budget for maintaining grass pastures are included. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Wayne Coblentz, Dan Undersander, and Michael Bertram. Alfalfa is much more susceptible to seedling diseases if the early establishment temperatures are lower than optimum but will grow out of the stages rapidly if temperatures are warmer. It is a perennial plant and can supply fodder for 3-4 year in same growing. 1UW Extension Agent, Department of Agronomy The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Alfalfa Autotoxicity Risk Spreadsheet MS Excel Hay yield. Provides current soil test and fertilizer recommendations for all field crops (including alfalfa). This spreadsheet developed by Extension Educator Ken Barnett, helps to determine ceiling and floor prices to pay for standing forage. University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension A Focus on Forage fact sheet by Dan Wiersma, former Marshfield Ag Research Station Asst. Price Reactions (after crop or livestock reports) Receive Reports by Email: National Reports. 1: Seeding-year alfalfa yield as influenced by alfalfa varieties and cutting management. Factors to Consider When Marketing Hay We would also recommend seeding about 2 lb/a Italian ryegrass (but no more!) 2011 WI Crop Management Conference, Weed Seed Survival in Livestock Systems of Plant Pathology, at the 2000 Wisconsin Fertilizer, Ag Lime, and Pest Management Conference, Aphanomyces Race 2 in Alfalfa This is particularly critical on first cutting in the spring when forage quality is changing the most rapidly. byDan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist. This spreadsheet, developed by Dr. Gary Frank, allows you to help determine your forage harvesting costs vs. custom operator charges. 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We must also manage levels of boron and sulfur. Annually sample soils to mitigate soil nutrient deficiencies. Grass establishment was significantly higher at Lancaster than at the other two sites, suggesting a large environmental effect for establishment. Seeding the hay mix is where many mistakes occur. Preserving Baled Hay With Organic Acids by Dan Undersander, University of Wisconsin, David R. Mertens, USDA-ARS US Dairy Forage Research Center, and Nancy Thiex, South Dakota State University, Alfalfa Germination and Growth by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, and Ken Barnett, UW-Extension Educator. Forage Economics and Budgets Alfalfa has very high potassium requirements. However, we should remember that every trip over the field does some damage and reduces yield. by Mark Renz, UW-Extension Weed Management Specialist, May 2013, Controlling Weeds in a Grass-Legume Mixture by Carol Groves, Plant Pathology, UW-Madison and Damon Smith, UW-Extension Plant Pathologist-May, 2013, Disease Profile:Aphanomyces Root Rot of Alfalfa UW Extension Bulletin A3681, Getting a Good Forage Stand Grau, Dept. A Quick Guide to Understanding Forage Test Results With the cost of fertilizer around 50 cents per pound, grass-legume mixtures can result in substantial cost savings. Seven Unique Factors of First-Cut Alfalfa Italian Ryegrass as a Companion Crop for Alfalfa Seeding Native levels of potassium in the soil are usually high enough to satisfy crop needs. When correctly planted and managed, mixtures have multiple benefits by adding diversity to your operations in genetics and utility. While initial hay fields may have naturally evolved from grasses filling in areas of lost alfalfa plants, todays production is much more intensively managed. Relative Forage Quality We teach, learn, lead and serve, connecting people with the University of Wisconsin, and engaging with them in transforming lives and communities. Yields can normally be expected to range between four and six tons of dry matter per acre. Forage quality will continue to decline while waiting for good weather. However, mixing an alfalfa variety with grass species to create hay fields is increasingly popular in Eastern U.S. dairy regions. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by John Peters (retired)and Keith Kelling (emeritus), UW Extension Soil Scientists. In many situations, it may be better to cut alfalfa and take some risk of rain rather than to wait and realize the surety of forage quality decline. Table 1 shows the yield from alfalfa variety tests in several Developed by Bill Lazarus, University of Minnesota, and Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, Equipment to Rake and Merge Hay and Forage This involves a series of practices such as using roller conditioners rather than flail conditioners, raking when hay has at least 40% moisture, turning and moving alfalfa as little as possible prior to harvesting and harvesting hay at the highest moisture content possible to avoid spoilage in storage. Many establishment failures can be avoided by using primary tillage (moldboard plowing or chiseling) followed by disking and secondary tillage (i.e., smoothing operation) in conjunction with cultipacker. Removal of Roundup Ready Alfalfa: What can we learn from 2012, Costs and Benefits of Roundup-Ready Alfalfa in the Establishment Year, Controlling Weeds in a Grass-Legume Mixture, Potato Leafhopper Resistant Alfalfa Varieties, An Update on Potato Leafhopper Resistance in Alfalfa, Alfalfa Potato Leafhopper Resistance Update. Alfalfa Profitability by Year and Fertilizer Cost Calculator Is Sulfur Needed for Alfalfa in Wisconsin? Equivalent Purchase Price/Ton of Hay & Haylage at Various Moisture Levels For each system, both the initial cost per acre and the annual maintenance cost per acre are presented. Countywide yields typically include seeding- and production-year alfalfa, thereby reducing yield expectations. Seeding rate recommendations are generally accepted as 60 to 75 seeds per square foot. A certain amount of driving over alfalfa is obviously necessary to harvest it. Heat Damaged Forages: Effects on Forage Energy Content These species will produce more grass in second and later cuttings. Connect with your County Extension Office , Find an Extension employee in our staff directory , Get the latest news and updates on Extension's work around the state, Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: info@extension.wisc.edu | 2023 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Privacy Policy | Non-Discrimination Policy & How to File a Complaint | Disability Accommodation Requests. by Mark Renz, UW-Extension Weed Management Specialist. However, the fall harvest reduced first-cut yields in the year following seeding by 3 percent (1.28 tons per acre) compared to the two-cut systems (1.38 tons per acre). Pest Management in Wisconsin Field Crops Check often to ensure your method is delivering the correct amount of seed, uniformly at a target depth of 1/4 inch. Statistical Bulletins (final estimates, 1987 to 2012. This spreadsheet developed by Extension Educator Ken Barnett estimates yields and profits for alfalfa stands from establishment to the 4th production year based on alfalfa base yield and fertilizer costs.

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