percentage of protestants in northern irelandamerican airlines check in customer service

[13] The province was almost wholly Gaelic, Catholic and rural, and had been the region most resistant to English control. [3] World War I battle deaths also hit the Protestant population hard, which further spurred a migration of young Irish Protestant women to Britain to seek husbands. [1] The decline in the number of Protestants in the south during the 20th-century is usually attributed to the Partition of Ireland in 1921 and the after-effects. The Church of Ireland undertook the first publication of the Bible in Irish. This page is not available in other languages. July 13, 2021. The vast majority of Ulster Protestants live in Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. [38] The Hearts of Steel, however, took to performing secretive actions in the middle of the night. A History of Ireland in 250 Episodes, pp. The native Irish reaction to the plantation was generally hostile,[17] as Irish Catholics lost their land and became marginalized. [7] The coverage of the 1936 census results by The Irish News in 1939 was later reprinted by the Ulster Unionist Council as vindication for their belief of what would happen to Irish Protestants as a whole in a united Ireland under home rule. In 2011, 48 per cent of people identified as being either Protestant or from a Protestant background, compared to 45 per cent who were Catholic. [10] Dunbar-Harrison was appointed, with the support of the national government, but in the fall-out Mayo County Council was dissolved, and there was strong opposition to the appointment from some prominent Catholic clerics and politicians. [20], By the 1630s, more than a quarter of land in Ireland was owned by Protestants,[20] by the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641, they held roughly three-fifths. A. [9] It is claimed that between a third to half of these deaths were Presbyterians. Sinn Fin campaign posters and a Republican mural on Falls Road, a Catholic stronghold in Belfast, earlier this year. However, the legal position of Dissenters was still restricted in the Irish Parliament by landlords and bishops. The plantation was also meant to sever Gaelic Ulster's links with the Gaelic Highlands of Scotland. Christianity is the main religion in Northern Ireland. The number of Protestants has declined by 14 . [13], The following table shows the figures for the main Protestant denominations in what is now the Republic of Ireland from 1901 to 2011:[13][14][18][19], In comparison, the number of Catholics increased from 3,681,446 to 3,861,335. especially from the British civil service[2][5][7], According to the Church of Ireland Gazette: Protestants "have a wholly disproportionate number of old people compared with young, in comparison to Roman Catholics". [32], During the 17th century the Dissenter population was low. Most Ulster Protestants speak Ulster English, and some on the north-east coast and in East Donegal speak with the Ulster Scots dialects. [32] The larger groups, whilst sharing some grievances, had different primary focuses. [24] Between 1717 and 1775, an estimated 200,000 migrated to what became the United States. Dublin and two of the 'border counties' were over 20% Protestant. The results showed a dramatic increase in the percentage of people in Northern Ireland holding an Irish passport solely or jointly since the 2011 census. Kirk & D.P. Olivia O'Hagan tried to keep out of politics. [37] Not until the Armagh disturbances in the 1780s did sectarian divisions come back to the fore. And those identifying as both British and Northern Irish, both Irish and Northern Irish, or all three, had also increased since the 2011 census. An extended silence should follow, Brianna Parkins: How to plan a wedding, without breaking the bank, North set for a long 'demographic stalemate', The Twelfth of July: 'A day in for Catholics, a day out for Protestants', Susan McKay: Northern Protestants at a crossroads, RT payments controversy: Watch live as RT tells Oireachtas committee of cultural issue, says it will publish Kielty deal if he agrees, Advertising watchdog to review guidelines on promotion of zero alcohol products, Company confirms it plans to press ahead with temporary closure of Tara Mines, Government approves 104m for long-awaited social housing scheme in Dublin, Home at last: man (62) gets council property after 40 years living in Cork slaughterhouse, We are at our wits end. When Ireland was incorporated in 1801 into the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Church of Ireland was also united with the Church of England to form the United Church of England and Ireland. [15], By 1607 a steady supply of Scottish Protestants were migrating to eastern Ulster, settling on the estates of Hamilton, MacDonnell, and Montgomery. In 1991, the population of the Republic of Ireland was approximately 3% Protestant. However, this met with hostility within the Church and was opposed even by those who had previously conformed. [6] Elizabeth's reign saw the introduction of a Gaelic printing typeface (1571) for the purpose of evangelisation;[7][8] the establishment of Trinity College, Dublin, to train ministers (1592);[6] and the first translation of the New Testament into Irish (1603). Following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (164952), Catholicism was repressed and most Catholic-owned land was confiscated. [13][14] It was during the 2002-2006 period that the number of members of the Church of Ireland and Presbyterian Church surpassed their 1946 totals. [19] The rebellion had a lasting psychological impact on the Ulster Protestant community and they commemorated its anniversary for two centuries. [1] This represented a drop of 32% in the Protestant population compared to the 2% drop in the Roman Catholic population. The newly released 2021 results take that a step further. [41] The convention of 1660, called after the restoration of the monarchy, saw 137 parliamentary members elected, all of whom were Protestant. Oxford Companion to Irish History, p. 462. [32] By the 1720s, there was some redressing of Dissenter issues with the Indemnity Act and Toleration Act, followed by the Synod of Ulster in 1722 sending King George I an address of the injustices they faced. [32], Eventually groups of tenants, some of which became movements such as the Hearts of Steel, Hearts of Oak and the Whiteboys, started to commit acts of crime against their landlords to raise awareness of their grievances. This led to the passing of the Act of Supremacy in 1536, which declared King Henry VIII of England to be the head of the Church of Ireland. [25][28] It also greatly increased the number of Protestants in Ireland,[25] and saw them come to dominate both the countryside and urban centres and have near absolute control over politics and trade. For the Hearts of Oak, it was the paying of cess as well as tithes and small dues to the Church of Ireland. This was the colonisation of Ulster with loyal English-speaking Protestants from Great Britain under the reign of King James. But there were also economic factors at play, like the decline in industrial jobs, which were held predominantly by Protestants. The loyalist marching season kicks off in Northern Ireland at a time of growing tensions, driven by discontent over Brexit, that is also causing divisions within the largely . The largest multiple identity was in the category British and Northern Irish, which rose by 6.2 per cent to 8 per cent. . Tue 19 Jan 2016 at 18:30. The work was continued by John Kearny, his assistant, and Dr Nehemiah Donellan, Archbishop of Tuam; it was finally completed by William O'Domhnuill. Church of Ireland. Some reasons for this failure include: a dedicated and vigorous campaign by Continentally-trained Catholic priests;[6] failure to make use of the Irish language,[8] the native tongue of around 90% of the population;[9] and the alienation of the Old English in political developments and the view amongst the Gaelic Irish that this was another attempt by the English at conquest and forced Anglicisation. [33] By the 1820s they became victims of sectarian grief at the hands of Catholic agrarian societies, which further encouraged Palatine emigration from Ireland, resulting in them ceasing to be a separate grouping. 20%. The work of translating the Old Testament was undertaken by Dr William Bedel (15711642), Bishop of Kilmore, who completed his translation within the reign of Charles I, although it was not published until 1680 in a revised version by Dr Narcissus Marsh (16381713), Archbishop of Dublin. Northern Ireland 58% Republic of Ireland 4%. The findings of the 2019 Northern Ireland Life and Times survey are typical: 94 per cent of Protestants supported the Union, but only 54 per cent of Catholics supported Irish unity. Recommended One local man says: "Many of the people here are in the Orange Order, and there would still be that political attachment to Northern Ireland." Not that people in Drum, the population of which . [1], This emigration affected the Free State economy as Protestants formed a significant part of its commercial and cultural activities. It has been suggested however that the pattern of migration may have started in the second half of the nineteenth century. [3] Some forms of Protestantism existed in Ireland in the early 16th century before the English Reformation, but demographically speaking these were very insignificant and the real influx of Protestantism began only with the spread of the English Reformation to Ireland. [14] In 1606, the notorious Border reiver clan of the Grahams of Eskdale, Leven and Sark, were invited to settle in County Roscommon. [38] For the Hearts of Steel it was evictions and rents. [11], During the reigns of both Elizabeth I and James VI & I, some Protestants who adhered to forms of Puritanism escaped persecution in England and Scotland by settling in Ireland. 493-4. The percentage of Catholics is up to 45 per cent while Protestant representation has fallen to 48 per cent from the 2001 census. The war was over. [22], There were tensions between the two main groups of Ulster Protestants; Scottish Protestant migrants to Ulster were mostly Presbyterian[23] and English Protestants mostly Anglican. [9], The Church of Ireland by the 1630s was a broad church that accepted various different Protestant practices and beliefs. The 2011 census of the Republic of Ireland found that the Protestant population in every county had grown. Ulster Protestants are an ethnoreligious group[3][4][5][6][7] in the Irish province of Ulster, where they make up about 43.5% of the population. [35], From 1697 to 1728, various Penal Laws were enacted by the Irish Parliament primarily targeting Catholics of the aristocracy, landed and learned classes. [31][36] Some of these converts were high profile, such as The 5th Earl of Antrim, whose conversion meant that in the province of Ulster there were no Catholic estates of any note. [15], Despite this, Protestantism since 2002 has been relegated to the third largest group recorded on the census, having been overtaken by those who choose "No Religion". This group almost doubled, from 61,900 people in 2011 (3.4 per cent) to 113,400 in 2021 (6 per cent). [26], The Kingdom of Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801. The census included a . As the official established church, the Church of Ireland was funded partially by tithes imposed on all Irish landowners and tenant farmers, irrespective of the fact that it counted only a minority of the populace among its adherents; these tithes were a source of much resentment which occasionally boiled over, as in the Tithe War of 1831/36. However, under Lord Deputy Wentworth in 1640, a further sixteen Old English seats were removed. [24], In 1635, Lord Wentworth proposed a plantation of Connacht, which would have seen all Catholic land confiscated and settled with only English Protestants, with the hope of converting the Gaelic and Old English Catholics to the state religion. [8] The decrease in the number of Protestants resulted in an even greater proportion of Roman Catholics and thus the culture associated with it, furthering Protestant marginalisation and giving the perception of Catholic triumphalism. More recent figures from 2016 show that among those of working age 44% are now Catholic and 40%. [20][22] To help achieve this, Lord Wentworth and Archbishop Laud introduced and enforced the English Thirty-Nine Articles along with stricter disciplinary canons in 1634. [13] This was followed by the considerably determined private plantation of counties Antrim and Down by James Hamilton and Sir Hugh Montgomery, which saw English and Scottish Protestants settling in their estates. [32] Those who could not afford to pay were forcibly evicted without warning. [18] In 1641 there was an uprising by Irish Catholics in Ulster who wanted an end to anti-Catholic discrimination, greater Irish self-governance, and to undo the plantations. About 500,000 people hold only an Irish passport, and approximately another 100,000 hold it jointly with another passport. [32] Any improvements made to the land by a tenant increased its value giving landlords an excuse to raise the rent. [25] Protestant immigration to Ireland had started in earnest in the aftermath of the restoration of the monarchy in Ireland in 1660, helped by acts such as that "to Encourage Protestant Strangers to Settle in Ireland", passed in 1662. C. 50%. [3] In the Republic, Protestantism was the second largest religious grouping until the 2002 census in which they were exceeded by those who chose "No Religion". [1] This helped contribute to a greater concentration of Protestants in Northern Ireland. A History of Ireland in 250 Episodes, p. 183. Data from the 2021 census showed 45.7% of respondents identified as Catholic or were brought up Catholic, compared with 43.5% identifying as Protestants. Other religions (Christian & non-Christian) None/Not Stated This was the settlement of the Gaelic, Catholic province of Ulster by Scots and English speaking Protestants, mostly from the Scottish Lowlands and Northern England. [Analysis of Northern Ireland census results: A radical, fundamental change]. [10] Despite the government standing its ground on the appointment, a boycott of the library resulted in W. T. Cosgrave, President of the Executive Council, and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuam, Dr. Thomas Gilmartin, coming to an agreement to transfer Dunbar-Harrison from Mayo library to a post in Dublin in January 1932. LONDON For the first time, Catholics outnumber Protestants in Northern Ireland, census figures released on Thursday show confirmation of a long-anticipated but still striking shift with implications for the regions future. [41], The Protestant interest in Ireland would be no less compliant to English authority than the Old English had been. [33], The Palatines responded well to the teachings of Methodism, with John Wesley visiting them several times. [31], The Penal Laws ensured that for the next century, Ireland was to be dominated by an Anglican elite composed of members of the Church of Ireland. [39], The outbreak of the American War of Independence in 1776 had an important impact on Ireland. [5] During this period the number of Protestants in what became the Irish Free State dropped from 10% to 7%. [29] The Plantation of Ulster also finally swung into full motion as a constant stream of English and Scottish families made their way to the north of Ireland. [10] Later during the debate it was remarked "could a Protestant be trusted to hand out books to Catholics?". The Church of Ireland Gazette also remarks on the "forced exodus of large numbers". The number of people living in the North who were born outside the UK and Ireland is now at 6.5 per cent, the highest recorded in Northern Ireland. Establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922 may have further accelerated this phenomenon as many Protestants were wary of living in a majority Catholic country and therefore chose to emigrate to the United Kingdom. In 1833, the British Government proposed the Irish Church Measure to reduce the 22 archbishops and bishops who oversaw the Anglican minority in Ireland to a total of 12 by amalgamating sees and using the revenues saved for the use of parishes. [5] The introduction of the Reformation to Ireland is regarded as the end of the medieval period in Ireland. 1961. [37] Sir Jim Kilfedder, Ulster Unionist MP, and Gordon Wilson were both Leitrim Protestants. By the time of the 2006 census of the Republic of Ireland, a little over 5% of the state was Protestant. Its not about a crude sectarian head count anymore.. The remainder of the Protestant population is fragmented among dozens of smaller religious groupings. Newly released census results may fuel calls for a referendum on uniting Ireland, experts say, but not right away. Megan Specia is a correspondent on the International Desk in London, covering the United Kingdom and Ireland. [4] In 1539, Henry dissolved the monasteries in Ireland. At first, this was often attributed to the Catholic Churchs opposition to family planning, and the resulting large Catholic families. [10] The zenith of this anti-British, Roman Catholic and Gaelic ethos came about after the 1932 election,[9] exemplified by the newly elected Taoiseach, amon de Valera, who refused to change or compromise on his views of a united Ireland that emphasised Gaelic and Roman Catholic values. Since the 17th century, sectarian and political divisions between Ulster Protestants and Irish Catholics have played a major role in the history of Ulster, and of Ireland as a whole. B. Baoill, "Census 2021 main statistics for Northern Ireland (phase 1)", "Chapter 7: Christians and Gays in Northern Ireland", "The Methodist Church in Ireland: History", "Ulster blood, English heart I am what I am", "From Catastrophe to Baby Boom Population Change in Early Modern Ireland 1641-1741", The Plantation of Ulster: Reaction of the natives, "The Plantation of Ulster: 1641 rebellion", "The Irish at Home and Abroad: Scots-Irish in Colonial America / Magazine / Irish Ancestors / The Irish Times", "The Scots in Victorian and Edwardian Belfast", "The Two Types of Ulster Unionism: Testing an Ethnic Explanation for the Unionist/Loyalist Divide", "People - Political Science - Trinity College Dublin", "Is contemporary Ulster unionism in crisis? The Methodist Church saw its membership increase nearly 100% between 1991 and 2002, though by 2011 it had declined by 31%. But nearly since its founding, Northern Irelands Protestant majority has been slowly eroding. [4], A return to Catholic supremacy ensued during the reign of Queen Mary I, in the 1550s. The proportion of the resident. [24] Modern historians have revised the figures to state that around 4,000 settlers were killed with another 8,000 dying from disease and exposure. History Changes in distribution of Irish Protestants, 1861-2011 The Ulster Protestant community emerged during the Plantation of Ulster. [39], Prior to the outbreak of the American War of Independence in 1776, between 100,000 and 250,000 Presbyterians emigrated from Ulster for the colonies in North America. The Transformation of Ireland: Diarmaid Ferrier, "Revealed: why 40,000 Protestants fled Ireland in four years", "Crisis and Decline: The Fate of the Southern Unionists", "CD753: Percentage Change in Population by Sex, Religion, CensusYear and Statistic", "The Catholic Church in Ireland is losing market share. [5] However between the 1911 and 1926 census' it has been suggested that there was a migration of 106,456 people from minority-religions, with at least 60,000 Protestants not connected to the British administration in Ireland. The Irish Church Act 1869 (which took effect in 1871) finally ended the role of the Church of Ireland as state church. Results from the 2021 census released on Thursday showed that 45.7% of inhabitants are Catholic or from a Catholic background compared with 43.48% from Protestant or other Christian backgrounds..

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