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Please keep your comments respectful and relevant. The internal structure of Scientology organizations is strongly bureaucratic with a focus on statistics-based management. A thetan is the person himself, not his body or his name or the physical universe, his mind or anything else. [42] The ceremonies, structure of the prayers, and attire worn by ministers in the Church all reflect the influence of Protestantism. In my opinion, we couldn't get worse public opinion than we have had or have less customers with what we've got to sell. [593][594], In a 1993 U.S. lawsuit brought by the Church of Scientology against former member Steven Fishman, Fishman made a court declaration which included several dozen pages of formerly secret esoterica detailing aspects of Scientologist cosmogony. [235] Blind belief is held to be of lesser significance than the practical application of Scientologist methods. [692] Westbrook found that various members deepened their involvement after having what they considered to be a spiritual experience, such as exteriorization or a past life memory, in their first few weeks of involvement. [571][572][573] Scientology employee Claire Headley has said she "was forced to have (two) abortions to keep her job and was subjected to violations of personal rights and liberties for the purpose of obtaining forced labor". They claim that the practice of recalling and talking through past experiences with a person called an "auditor" can remove these engrams; Scientology groups charge fees for clients undergoing "auditing". [366] The upper triangle is the KRC triangle, the letters KRC positing a similar relationship between Knowledge, Responsibility and Control. [393] The Church's naming ceremony for infants is designed to help orient a thetan in its new body and introduce it to its godparents. The Church was part of a coalition of groups that successfully sued CAN, which then collapsed as a result of bankruptcy in 1996. [293] Other Freezoners have argued that the impact of drugs can be countered through ordinary auditing, with no need for the Purification Rundown. director of public affairs with Golden Era Productions, a production [504], The term "Free Zone" was first coined in 1984 by Bill Robertson, an early associate of Hubbard's. [289] [207], In 2008, the online activist collective Anonymous launched Project Chanology with the stated aim of destroying the Church; this entailed denial of service attacks against Church websites and demonstrations outside its premises. [507] Robertson claimed that he was channelling messages from Hubbard after the latter's death, through which he discovered OT levels above the eight then being offered by the Church. [125] He began offering courses teaching people how to become auditors and lectured on the topic around the country. [197], Some senior members who found themselves side-lined regarded Miscavige's rise to dominance as a coup,[194] believing that Hubbard no longer had control over the Church. [18] The head of the French Church of Scientology was convicted at the same trial and given a suspended one-year prison sentence.[550]. [473] Many of the Church's critics have utilised the Internet, for instance to disseminate leaked OT documents. [699] In France, conspiracy theories have spread alleging that the Church controls the US government or that it is a front for American imperialism, perhaps run by the Central Intelligence Agency. [16] These aspects have become the subject of popular ridicule. [409] Much material critical of the Church was written by ex-members such as Cyril Vosper, Bent Corydon, and Jon Atack. [241] Scientology teaches that the MEST universe is fabricated through the agreement of all thetans (souls or spirits) that it exists,[241] and is therefore an illusion that is only given reality through the actions of thetans themselves. [161] As membership declined and finances grew tighter, Hubbard had reversed the hostility to religion he voiced in Dianetics. Urban writes that "Scientology's efforts to get itself defined as a religion make it an ideal case study for thinking about how we understand and define religion. "[643], The material contained in the OT levels has been characterized as bad science fiction by critics, while others claim it bears structural similarities to gnostic thought and ancient Hindu beliefs of creation and cosmic struggle. [361], Scientology emphasizes the importance of "survival", which it subdivides into eight classifications that are referred to as "dynamics". [142] Many of Hubbard's science fiction colleagues, including Sam Merwin, Lloyd Arthur Eshbach and Sam Moscowitz, recall Hubbard raising the topic in conversation. [251] It encompasses Affinity (affection, love or liking), Reality (consensual reality) and Communication (the exchange of ideas). [197] In 1980, Church member Gerry Armstrong was given access to Hubbard's private archive so as to conduct research for an official Hubbard biography. In May 1952, Scientology was organized to put this intended science into practice, and in the same year, Hubbard published a new set of teachings as Scientology, a religious philosophy. [79] In March 1952 he married his third wife, Mary Sue Whipp, who became an important part of his new Scientology movement. [472] In turn, Urban noted the Church has "tended to respond very aggressively to its critics, mounting numerous lawsuits and at times using extralegal means to respond to those who threaten it. Those two buildings are currently part of the La Quinta Resort. [121], Dianetics describes a "counseling" technique known as "auditing" in which an auditor assists a subject in conscious recall of traumatic events in the individual's past. [498], The Church has remained hostile to the Freezone,[499] regarding it as heretical. This is partly due to litigation involving Scientology, whereby the Fishman Affidavit was leaked to the public. [251] Friday services are held to commemorate the completion of a person's services during the prior week. [447], The Church has long used celebrities as a means of promoting itself, starting with Hubbard's "Project Celebrity" in 1955 and followed by its first Scientology Celebrity Centre in 1969. [380] In 2005 the Church set out certain locations associated with his life as "L. Ron Hubbard Landmark Sites" that Scientologists can visit; these are in the US, UK, and South Africa. It was a sunny day, Gassett remembered. [708], Hubbard had better experiences with scholars than journalists and the Church sometimes views academics as potential allies in its public relations and legal issues. [446][717] Paul Thomas Anderson's 2012 film The Master features a religious organization called "The Cause" that has similarities to Scientology. [171][172] According to Lindholm, for the inner cadre of Scientologists in that period, involvement depended not so much on belief in a particular doctrine but on unquestioning faith in Hubbard. [201] Hubbard died at his ranch in Creston, California on January 24, 1986. [391] The main celebrations of these events take place at the Church's Clearwater headquarters, which are filmed and then distributed to other Church centers across the world. . [118] Dianetics subsequently spent 28 weeks as a New York Times bestseller. [49] By 1981, the 21-year old David Miscavige, who had been one of Hubbard's closest aides in the SeaOrg, rose to prominence. audio/visual products for the Church of Scientology. [418] Performances that are an improvement on the previous week are termed "up stats"; those that show a decline are "down stats". [583] Carmel Underwood, another former Scientologist, said she had been put under "extreme pressure" to have an abortion,[584] and that she was placed into a "disappearing programme", after refusing. [135] Dr. Winter, hoping to have Dianetics accepted in the medical community, submitted papers outlining the principles and methodology of Dianetic therapy to the Journal of the American Medical Association and the American Journal of Psychiatry in 1949, but these were rejected. [63] Scholars have also varyingly described it as a "psychotherapeutically oriented religion",[64] a "secularized religion",[65] a "postmodern religion",[66] a "privatized religion",[67] and a "progressive-knowledge" religion. Humanitarian; Founder; Author; Landmark Sites. They then read a text by Hubbard and either give their own sermon or play a recording of Hubbard lecturing. Hacienda Serena, a nearly 2-acre property on Avenida Obregon, was Another non-Church group was the Advanced Ability Center, founded by David Mayo in the Santa Barbara area. [141] Hubbard's thought was parallel with the trend of humanist psychology at that time, which also came about in the 1950s. [715] Popular examples include Louis Theroux's 2015 documentary My Scientology Movie,[716] and Leah Remini's documentary series Scientology and the Aftermath and her book Troublemaker: Surviving Hollywood and Scientology, drawing on her experience as a Church member. [261] Hubbard maintained that humans develop engrams from as far back as during incubation in the womb,[261] as well as from their "past lives". [269], According to Dianetics, engrams can be deleted through a process termed "auditing". . [496] They often claim to be the true inheritors of Hubbard's teachings,[497] maintaining that Scientology's primary focus is on individual development and that that does not require a leader or membership of an organization. Ellison says that Lester del Rey told Hubbard that what he needed to do to get rich was start a religion. [315] In 1988 the Scientology organization stated that OT levels nine and ten would only be released when certain benchmarks in its expansion had been achieved. by Stephen A. Kent, An Annotated Bibliographical Survey of Primary and Secondary Literature on L. Ron Hubbard and Scientology, Church of Scientology editing on Wikipedia, New Era Publications International ApS v. Carol Publishing Group and Jonathan Caven-Atack, Church of Scientology of California v. Armstrong, Church of Scientology International v. Fishman and Geertz. ", "Scientology's Relationship With Eastern Religious Traditions", "The French and German versus American Debate over 'New Religions', Scientology, and Human Rights", "Former Scientology insiders describe a world of closers, prospects, crushing quotas and coercion", Scientology Is This a Religion? [3] [563] For example, a December 16, 1969, a Guardian's Office order (G. O. Scientology texts say that a human possesses an immortal inner self, termed a thetan, that resides in the physical body and has experienced many past lives. [144][145] This shift into metaphysical territory was reflected in Hubbard's second major book on Dianetics, Science of Survival (1951). [562], During the auditing process, the auditor collects and records personal information from the client. [595] The Church of Scientology was forced to issue a press release acknowledging the existence of this cosmogony, rather than allow its critics "to distort and misuse this information for their own purposes". [585] Underwood was the executive director of Scientology's branch in Sydney, Australia. The lower triangle, the ARC triangle, is a summary representation of the knowledge the Scientologist strives for. [309] Scientology's aim is to "clear the planet", that is, clear all people in the world of their engrams. The Church of Spiritual Technology purchased the home.The churchis a division of the Church of Scientology. [305] [88] Six months later they moved to Oklahoma, and then to Montana, living on a ranch near Helena. [394] The minister reminds those assembled about reincarnation and urges the thetan of the deceased to move on and take a new body. [686], Most people who join the Church are introduced to it via friends and family. [408] Westbrook called its members "the church's clergy". [474] Any member breaking this rule is labelled a "Potential Trouble Source" (PTS) and unless they swiftly cease all contact they can be labelled an SP themselves. (2015). [466][467][468] The Church's critics regard this outreach as merely a public relations exercise. [431], The Office of Special Affairs or OSA (formerly the Guardian's Office) is a department of the Church of Scientology which has been characterized as a non-state intelligence agency. [539] L. Ron Hubbard originally intended for Scientology to be considered a science, as stated in his writings. [227] The movement of the needle is not visible to the client and the auditor writes down their observations rather than relaying them to the client. [278][277], The auditor operates two dials on the main part of the device; the larger is the "tone arm" and is used to adjust the voltage, while the smaller "sensitivity knob" influences the amplitude of the needle's movement. [403] This base covers two million square feet and comprises about 50 buildings. Scientology began to focus on these issues in the early 1970s, led by Hubbard. It wasnt overtly mysterious, just peculiar. [374] The Church operates a calendar in which 1950, the year in which Hubbard's book Dianetics was published, is considered year zero, the beginning of an era. [242] Each thetan had its own "Home Universe", and it was through the collision of these that the physical MEST universe emerged. In the 1970s Hubbard's followers engaged in a program of criminal infiltration of the U.S. government, resulting in several executives of the organization being convicted and imprisoned for multiple offenses by a U.S. Federal Court. News Channel 3 is committed to providing a forum for civil and constructive conversation. "[59], More specifically, many scholars have described Scientology as a new religious movement. [371] The Church's view of Hubbard is presented in their authorised biography of him, their RON series of magazines, and their L. Ron Hubbard Life Exhibition in Los Angeles. Many former members have said they were pressured to undergo abortion. [157], Several other science-fiction writers, and Hubbard's son, have reported that they heard Hubbard comment that the way to make money was to start a religion. [384] The latter include weddings, child naming ceremonies, and funerals. [19][20] The Church of Scientology was convicted of fraud by a French court in 2009, a judgment upheld by the supreme Court of Cassation in 2013. [407] [388], There are two main celebrations each year. Charge enough and we'd be swamped."). He was paranoid of these raids. [274] The person being audited is called the preclear;[139] the person conducting the procedure is the "auditor". [146] Some Dianetics practitioners distanced themselves from these claims, believing that they veered into supernaturalism and away from Dianetics' purported scientific credentials. [560][561], According to a 1990 Los Angeles Times article, Scientology had largely switched from using Church members to using private investigators, including former and current Los Angeles police officers, as this gives the organization a layer of protection in case investigators use tactics which might cause the organization embarrassment. [39] Accounts of the Volunteer Ministers' effectiveness have been mixed, and touch assists are not supported by scientific evidence. [456], The Church places emphasis on impacting society through a range of social outreach programs. [227] The Church publishes several magazines, including Source, Advance, The Auditor, and Freedom. The World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE) applies Scientology practices to business management. [279] It thus detects fluctuations in electrical resistance within the client's body. Another was a 1991 Time magazine article that attacked the organization, which responded with a major lawsuit that was rejected by the court as baseless early in 1992. [590], Starting in 1991, Scientology filed fifty lawsuits against Scientology-critic Cult Awareness Network (CAN). A prayer used by the Church of Scientology[237], Scientology refers to the existence of a Supreme Being, but practitioners are not expected to worship it. A 1990 article in the Los Angeles Times reported that in the 1980s the Scientology organization more commonly used private investigators, including former and current Los Angeles police officers, to give themselves a layer of protection in case embarrassing tactics were used and became public. [693], Scientology has influenced various therapy and spiritual groups formed since the 1960s. One does not have a thetan, something one keeps somewhere apart from oneself; he is a thetan. confirm its in the millions. They claim they were kept inside the La Quinta compound, sometimes by physical force. [440][441], The International Association of Scientologists operates to advance the cause of the Church and its members across the world. [39] Scientology has experienced multiple schisms during its history. Hubbard taught that there were three "Parts of Man", the spirit, mind, and body. 203204. [394] During the ceremony, the minister reminds the child's parents and godparents of their duty to assist the newly reborn thetan and to encourage it towards spiritual freedom. Open now 10:00 AM - 10:00 PM Visit website Call Email Write a review About A museum about the life and works of L. Ron Hubbard - author, humanitarian and founder of Scientology. The congregation may then ask the minister questions about what they have just heard. HUBBARD ON SALE : The Santa Barbara Church of Scientology is more of an L. Ron Hubbard shrine, with shelves full of his books and lectures. [371] Church of Scientology management frames Hubbard's physical death as "dropping his body" to pursue higher levels of research not possible with an Earth-bound body. [450] [102] He became involved with rocket scientist Jack Parsons and the latter's Agape Lodge, a Pasadena group practicing Thelema, the religion founded by occultist Aleister Crowley. [690] 18% were drawn in through personality tests, 4.8% through publicity, and 3.1% through lectures. It was not until 1947 that his first wife learned that he had remarried. [147][149][150][151]:58 Following the bankruptcy, stewardship of the Dianetics copyrights transferred from Hubbard to Don Purcell, who had provided the HDRF with financial support. [502] Freezone Scientologists have also accused the Church of "squirrelling",[492] maintaining that it has changed Hubbard's words in various posthumous publications. [183], In 1972, facing criminal charges in France, Hubbard returned to the United States and began living in an apartment in Queens, New York. Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 - January 24, 1986) was an American author, primarily of science fiction and fantasy stories, who is best known for having founded the Church of Scientology. The "L. Ron Hubbard Theatre" offers unique live theatre around the world, from Los Angeles to Tampa [622][623] The committee concluded that both sides had "gamed policy" and resorted to "battlefield tactics", with articles on living persons being the "worst casualties". purchased Dec. 31 for its appraisal price by the Church of Spiritual In 1983 the High Court of Australia ruled in a unanimous decision that the Church of Scientology was "undoubtedly a religion and deserving of tax exemption". Why cant we just be open? [656] According to the Encyclopedia of Community, Scientology "shows affinities with Buddhism and a remarkable similarity to first-century Gnosticism". [158], L. Ron Hubbard originally intended for Scientology to be considered a science, as stated in his writings. [145], In the mid-sixties, the Church of Scientology was banned in several Australian states, starting with Victoria in 1965. [423] Kent described that for adult Sea Org members with minor children, their work obligations took priority, damaged parent-child relations, and has led to cases of severe child neglect and endangerment. [44] In practice, however, Westbrook noted that most Church members consider Scientology to be their only commitment, and the deeper their involvement in the Church became, the less likely they were to continue practicing other traditions. [282], During the auditing process, the auditor is trained to observe the client's emotional state in accordance with an "emotional tone scale". [70], The notion of Scientology as a religion is strongly opposed by the anti-cult movement. [383], Ceremonies overseen by the Church fall into two main categories; Sunday services and ceremonies marking particular events in a person's life. [492], Key to the Freezone is what scholar of religion Aled Thomas called its "largely unregulated and non-hierarchical environment". [430][failed verification] Pregnant women in the Sea Org have stated that they had been pressured to undergo abortions. [55] The sociologist Bryan R. Wilson compared Scientology with 20 criteria that he associated with religion and concluded that the movement could be characterised as such. [580] "I am deeply concerned about this organisation and the devastating impact it can have on its followers," said Senator Xenophon, and he requested that the Australian Senate begin an investigation into Scientology. [553] The sentence was confirmed by the court of appeal in February 2012, and by the supreme Court of Cassation in October 2013. [402] Internal Church documents reveal the intent of eradicating psychiatry and replacing them with therapies from Scientology. [49] In 1981, the Church of Scientology International was formally established,[193] as was the profit-making Author Services Incorporated (ASI), which controlled the publishing of Hubbard's work.

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