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Further out is, for example, the Tudor-period Hampton Court Palace, England's oldest surviving Tudor palace, built by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey in about 1515.[197]. [196], London's buildings are too diverse to be characterised by any particular architectural style, partly because of their varying ages. [237], London has traditionally been Christian, and has a large number of churches, particularly in the City of London. in St John's Wood[473] and the Oval (home of Surrey C.C.C.) [55] William built the Tower of London, the first of many such in England rebuilt in stone in the south-eastern corner of the city, to intimidate the inhabitants. [170] Droughts can also, occasionally, be a problem, especially in summer, most recently in summer 2018, and with much drier than average conditions prevailing from May to December. [72] Many government departments, as well as the prime minister's residence at 10 Downing Street, are based close to the Palace of Westminster, particularly along Whitehall. In particular the genres UK garage, drum and bass, dubstep and grime evolved in the city from the foreign genres of house, hip hop, and reggae, alongside local drum and bass. [167], Summers are generally warm, sometimes hot. The Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion in the capital and some surrounding counties; it was abolished in 1889 when the London County Council was created out of county areas surrounding the capital. This called for the Corporation of the city to extend its jurisdiction and administration over expanding areas around the city. Much of London property passed from church to private ownership, which accelerated trade and business in the city. This is higher than the property prices in other G8 European capital cities; Berlin 3,306, Rome 6,188 and Paris 11,229.[270]. [215] Epping Forest is also known for its fallow deer, which can frequently be seen in herds to the north of the Forest. [143] Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer London,[144] and by the River Thames into North and South, with an informal central London area. There is. While London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, it is also the largest city within the country. Modern writers pervasively influenced by the city include Peter Ackroyd, author of a "biography" of London, and Iain Sinclair, who writes in the genre of psychogeography. [430] There are many other research libraries, including the Wellcome Library and Dana Centre, as well as university libraries, including the British Library of Political and Economic Science at LSE, the Central Library at Imperial, the Maughan Library at King's, and the Senate House Libraries at the University of London. Crime figures are made available nationally at Local Authority and Ward level. This can be seen below when comparing London Heathrow, 15 miles (24km) west of London, with the London Weather Centre.[174]. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/united-kingdom-great-britain-and-england-1435711. [420] London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), A Clockwork Orange (1971), The Long Good Friday (1980), The Great Mouse Detective (1986), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003), V for Vendetta (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2008) and The King's Speech (2010). It is mainly attributed to the East End and wider East London, having originated there in the 18th century, although it has been suggested that the Cockney style of speech is much older. The name Britain is sometimes used to refer to the United Kingdom as a whole. Ireland A final note on Ireland. [388] The Proms, an eight-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music first held in 1895, ends with the Last Night of the Proms (works by Edward Elgar, Henry Wood, Thomas Arne and Hubert Parry feature at the climax). [125] The ministerial post of minister for London was created in 1994. [193] The average price for properties in Kensington and Chelsea is over 2million with a similarly high outlay in most of central London. [285] Computer science pioneer Alan Turing hails from Maida Vale, west London. England is a country in Europe with over sixty cities. It is the largest open-air Asian festival in Europe. [53], By the 11th century, London was clearly the largest town in England. [78] The London financial elite was strengthened by a strong Jewish community from all over Europe capable of mastering the most sophisticated financial tools of the time. It is home to vast numbers of retailers and department stores, including Selfridges flagship store. 'Calendar of the London Seasons', by L. E. L. Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, British Library of Political and Economic Science, List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater London, List of local nature reserves in Greater London, Walking is a popular recreational activity in London, London region (Greater London administrative area), "Population and household estimates, England and Wales: Census 2021", Number 1 Poultry (ONE 94), Museum of London Archaeology, 2013, "Regional economic activity by gross domestic product, UK: 1998 to 2021", "The Greater London Authority Consolidated Budget and Component Budgets for 202122", "London Government Act: Essex, Kent, Surrey and Middlesex 50 years on", "London: The Everything Capital of the World", "The World's Most Influential Cities 2014", "London is 'the most desirable city in the world to work in', study finds", "Leading European cities by gross domestic product in 2017/18", "Number of international students in London continues to grow", "Times Higher Education World University Rankings", "Top Universities: Imperial College London", "Why London Is The World's Busiest City For Air Travel", "CILT, the National Centre for Languages", "Estimates of the population for the UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland", "Largest EU City. [318] Clapham Junction is one of Europe's busiest rail interchanges. The lines were built by up to 20,000 people, and were completed in under two months. Administrative Divisions Within Nations Around the World, Women Rulers of England and Great Britain, Official Listing of Countries by World Region, Key Events in the History of the English Language, The Relationship of the United States With the United Kingdom, Geography and Fun Facts About Great Britain, Biography of Queen Victoria, Queen of England and Empress of India, M.A., Geography, California State University - Northridge, B.A., Geography, University of California - Davis. [413] On Christmas Eve 1925, Winnie-the-Pooh debuted in London's Evening News, with the character based on a stuffed toy A. [323] King's Cross station and Euston station, which are both in London, are the starting points of the East Coast Main Line and the West Coast Main Line the two main railway lines in Britain. Answer (1 of 33): Original question: Is London in France? The BBC states, "ubiquitous black cabs and red double-decker buses all have long and tangled stories that are deeply embedded in London's traditions". Spring and autumn can be pleasant. [200] This protective policy, known as 'St Paul's Heights', has been in operation by the City of London since 1937. [131], The British Transport Police are responsible for police services on National Rail, London Underground, Docklands Light Railway and Tramlink services. In the east, the Port of London expanded downstream. Some more informal, semi-natural open spaces also exist, including the 720 acre (320 hectare) Hampstead Heath of North London, and Epping Forest, which covers 6,118 acres (2,476 hectares) in the east. [99] The role of trendsetter revived in the punk era. [449] Primrose Hill, immediately to the north of Regent's Park, at 256 feet (78m)[450] is a popular spot from which to view the city skyline. [162] The average annual precipitation amounts to about 600mm, which is half the annual rainfall of New York City, but also lower than Rome, Lisbon, and Sydney, Australia. When was London founded? The city is also home to many orchestras and concert halls, such as the Barbican Arts Centre (principal base of the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Symphony Chorus), the Southbank Centre (London Philharmonic Orchestra and the Philharmonia Orchestra), Cadogan Hall (Royal Philharmonic Orchestra) and the Royal Albert Hall (The Proms). Eurostar operates a train from London St Pancras Intl to Paris Nord every 3 hours. After an initial advance by the Royalists in 1642, culminating in the battles of Brentford and Turnham Green, London was surrounded by a defensive perimeter wall known as the Lines of Communication. It is the only synagogue in Europe to have held regular services continually for over 300 years. The capital is London, which is among the world's . [445] London is also a centre for urban music. Fearing an attempt by the Crown to diminish the Liberties of London, coupled with a lack of interest in administering these additional areas or concern by city guilds of having to share power, caused the Corporation's "The Great Refusal", a decision which largely continues to account for the unique governmental status of the City. [384], Within the City of Westminster in London, the entertainment district of the West End has its focus around Leicester Square, where London and world film premieres are held, and Piccadilly Circus, with its giant electronic advertisements. The Norman Conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066 resulted in the arrival of Normans, while in the 16th and 17th centuries Protestant Huguenots fled religious persecution to East London.Other waves (but less likely to have put down permanent roots) are associated with . [447] The largest parks in the central area of London are three of the eight Royal Parks, namely Hyde Park and its neighbour Kensington Gardens in the west, and Regent's Park to the north. [56] In 1097, William II began building Westminster Hall, close by the abbey of the same name. [136] The Metropolitan Police have made detailed crime figures, broken down by category at borough and ward level, available on their website since 2000. [95] From the 1940s, London became home to many immigrants, primarily from Commonwealth countries such as Jamaica, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan,[96] making London one of the most diverse cities in the world. A further 4.9% were classified as "Other Asian". Travel time [348] The A1 and M1 connect London to Leeds, and Newcastle and Edinburgh. Economic forecasts come and . In 2000, this collection moved to Tate Modern, a new gallery housed in the former Bankside Power Station which is accessed by pedestrians north of the Thames via the Millennium Bridge. London's diverse cultures encompass over 300 languages. [199], In the dense areas, most of the concentration is via medium- and high-rise buildings. [432] The national gallery of British art is at Tate Britain, originally established as an annexe of the National Gallery in 1897. England is part of the United Kingdom . At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of about 60,000. Since 2007, high-speed trains link St. Pancras International with Lille, Calais, Paris, Disneyland Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam and other European tourist destinations via the High Speed 1 rail link and the Channel Tunnel. Answer (1 of 8): Where is London in France or England? Table 3 in Santos, Georgina; Button, Kenneth; Noll, Roger G. "London Congestion Charging/Comments." [165][166] Records for atmospheric pressure have been kept at London since 1692. South London, particularly, has a high concentration of railways as it has fewer Underground lines. People also asked "[54], After winning the Battle of Hastings, William, Duke of Normandy was crowned King of England in newly completed Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. Think the Names are Interchangeable? [346], Although the majority of journeys in central London are made by public transport, car travel is common in the suburbs. During the 2003 European heat wave, prolonged heat led to hundreds of heat-related deaths. For a first trip to Europe, I would recommend visiting both Paris and London. Citywide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities. ", "Fish & chips: Drinks & dishes you might not have realised were invented in London", "History Of The Traditional English Breakfast", "Gordon Ramsay celebrates having three Michelin stars for 21 years", "Afternoon Tea At Oscar Wilde's Favorite Bar", "17 themed afternoon teas perfect for Mother's Day", "Inside the Factory: BBC documentary goes behind the scenes of west London factory churning out 80 million biscuits a day", "Celebrate the Bengali New Year this summer in Tower Hamlets", "Forty years of sheer Heaven at the London superclub", "We Live in the World 'Rocky Horror' Created", "Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde", "Winnie-the-Pooh goes to Harrods in new authorised AA Milne prequel", "Feature: The legacy of Oscar Deutsch's cinemas", "Saoirse Ronan, Kate Winslet Drama 'Ammonite' to Close BFI London Film Festival", "ITV: Simon Cowell Talks Strong Ties With Brit Broadcaster", "How did you get the view of London used on the opening credits? [84][85] London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925, with a population density of 802 per acre (325 per hectare). [392], London is home to designers John Galliano, Stella McCartney, Manolo Blahnik, and Jimmy Choo, among others; its renowned art and fashion schools make it one of the four international centres of fashion. [394] There are Chinese takeaways throughout London, as are Indian restaurants which provide Indian and Anglo-Indian cuisine. Other significant instruments are in cathedrals and major churchesthe church bells of St Clement Danes feature in the 1744 nursery rhyme "Oranges and Lemons", and the lyrics journey through churches and bells of 18th century London. [120], The London Fire Brigade is the statutory fire and rescue service for Greater London, run by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority. Eurostar operates a train from London St Pancras Intl to Paris Nord every 3 hours. In writing, "London" is occasionally contracted to "LDN". 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Dijon, the D206 road goes through the village. London's two main opera houses are the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum (home to the English National Opera). Historically London grew up at the lowest bridging point on the Thames. [196] The surrounding East London area saw much of London's early industrial development; now, brownfield sites throughout the area are being redeveloped as part of the Thames Gateway including the London Riverside and Lower Lea Valley, which was developed into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics. [75], The Great Fire of London broke out in 1666 in Pudding Lane in the city and quickly swept through the wooden buildings. [239], Important national and royal ceremonies are shared between St Paul's and Westminster Abbey. [253] Some features of Cockney include, Th-fronting (pronouncing "th" as "f"), example, "some fings in life are bad" (heard in opening of "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life" in Monty Python's Life of Brian), "th" inside a word is pronounced with a "v" (brother becomes bruvva), H-dropping, example 'Ampshire for Hampshire (as Eliza Doolittle said in My Fair Lady), and, like most English accents, a Cockney accent drops the "r" after a vowel, for example, "car" is pronounced "cah". The commercial route to Italy and the Mediterranean was normally through Antwerp and over the Alps; any ships passing through the Strait of Gibraltar to or from England were likely to be Italian or Ragusan. [198] The density of London varies, with high employment density in the central area and Canary Wharf, high residential densities in inner London, and lower densities in Outer London. [325], Some international railway services to Continental Europe were operated during the 20th century as boat trains, such as the Admiraal de Ruijter to Amsterdam and the Night Ferry to Paris and Brussels. [note 2][10] The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. The public transport network is administered by Transport for London (TfL). Each region varies in its level of autonomy but all part of the United Kingdom. On average, it takes 2h 23m to travel by train from London to Paris, a distance of around 212 miles (342 km). Rosenberg, Matt. [424][425] Formerly a franchise of ITV, Thames Television featured comedians such as Benny Hill and Rowan Atkinson (Mr. Bean was first screened by Thames), while Talkback produced Da Ali G Show which featured Sacha Baron Cohen as Ali G, a faux-streetwise gangster from Staines, west of London. The Centre for Economics and Business Research, admittedly London based, has forecast Britain's gross domestic product will be 25% higher than that of France by 2035. "Met Police cars to have Battenburg livery". Two of the timbers were radiocarbon dated to 17501285 BCE. Note that some of the German-born population, in 18th position, are British citizens from birth born to parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany. The Tate Gallery, as it was formerly known, also became a major centre for modern art. On the large island of Great Britain, there are three somewhat autonomous regions: England, Wales, and Scotland. The United Kingdom comprises the whole of the island of Great Britainwhich contains England, Wales, and Scotlandas well as the northern portion of the island of Ireland. [171] However, the most consecutive days without rain was 73 days in the spring of 1893. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. This is 84% of the population of the UK. [9] The capital city of the United Kingdom is London and the head of state is currently Queen Elizabeth II. BBC News There are many French people living in London, but does it really have the sixth highest number of any city? London's wetland areas support nationally important populations of many water birds. [222] According to Eurostat, London is the second most populous metropolitan area in Europe. [406] G-A-Y, previously based at the Astoria, and now Heaven, is a long-running night club. It is agreed that the name came into these languages from Common Brythonic; recent work tends to reconstruct the lost Celtic form of the name as *Londonjon or something similar. [235] In the 2021 census 40.6% of London residents were foreign-born. Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane, respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 3,236 square miles (8,382km2) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 3,900 inhabitants per square mile (1,510/km2). [40][38], Until 1889, the name "London" applied officially only to the City of London, but since then it has also referred to the County of London and to Greater London.[41]. [421] The British Academy Film Awards (BAFTAs) have been held in London since 1949, with the BAFTA Fellowship the Academy's highest accolade. [283], London has river boat services on the Thames known as Thames Clippers, which offer both commuter and tourist boat services. [205] They also state that over 60 species of bird nest in central London and that their members have recorded 47 species of butterfly, 1173 moths and more than 270 kinds of spider around London. The Greater London boundary has been aligned to the M25 motorway in places. Anglican Church attendance continues a long, steady decline, according to Church of England statistics. [115], The lines that formed the London Underground, as well as trams and buses, became part of an integrated transport system in 1933 when the London Passenger Transport Board or London Transport was created. The closest foreign country to London is France. These are either informal designations, reflect the names of villages that have been absorbed by sprawl, or are superseded administrative units such as parishes or former boroughs.[189]. Notable actors and filmmakers from London include; Charlie Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock, Michael Caine, Julie Andrews, Peter Sellers, David Lean, Julie Christie, Gary Oldman, Emma Thompson, Guy Ritchie, Christopher Nolan, Alan Rickman, Jude Law, Helena Bonham Carter, Idris Elba, Tom Hardy, Daniel Radcliffe, Keira Knightley, Daniel Kaluuya and Daniel Day-Lewis. There are 14 ways to get from England to France by train, bus, rideshare, car, car train, car ferry, subway or plane Select an option below to see step-by-step directions and to compare ticket prices and travel times in Rome2Rio's travel planner. [455] Hampstead Heath incorporates Kenwood House, a former stately home and a popular location in the summer months when classical musical concerts are held by the lake, attracting thousands of people every weekend to enjoy the music, scenery and fireworks. [214], Herds of red and fallow deer also roam freely within much of Richmond and Bushy Park. The largest cinema chain in the country, Odeon Cinemas was founded in London in 1928 by Oscar Deutsch. [46] The function of the mesolithic structure is unclear. [127] The Met is also referred to as Scotland Yard after the location of its original headquarters in a road called Great Scotland Yard in Whitehall. On average each year, London experiences 31 days above 25C (77.0F) and 4.2 days above 30.0C (86.0F). [454] Both are controlled by the City of London Corporation. Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs. [67] Mercantilism grew and monopoly traders such as the East India Company were founded as trade expanded to the New World. It is a fusion of an array of ethnic accents, in particular Afro-Caribbean and South Asian, with a significant Cockney influence. The River Thames flows through the city on its way to the North Sea. [78], In 1762, George III acquired Buckingham House, which was enlarged over the next 75 years. [380], Leisure is a major part of the London economy. While the City of Westminster developed into a true governmental capital, its distinct neighbour, the City of London, remained England's largest city and principal commercial centre and flourished under its own unique administration, the Corporation of London. The repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 was specifically aimed at weakening Dutch economic power. What companies run services between London, England and Paris, France? London is also home to many specialist arts education institutions, including the Central School of Ballet, London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA; president Benedict Cumberbatch), London College of Contemporary Arts (LCCA), London Contemporary Dance School, National Centre for Circus Arts, Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA; president Sir Kenneth Branagh), Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance, the Royal College of Art, Sylvia Young Theatre School and Trinity Laban. From 1924, the original Wembley Stadium was the home of the English national football team. [91], London was bombed by the Germans in the First World War, and during the Second World War, the Blitz and other bombings by the German Luftwaffe killed over 30,000 Londoners, destroying large tracts of housing and other buildings across the city. Transport for London is now the statutory corporation responsible for most aspects of the transport system in Greater London, and is run by a board and a commissioner appointed by the Mayor of London.[298]. Founded by pioneering nurse Florence Nightingale at St Thomas' Hospital in 1860, the first nursing school is now part of King's College London. [275], London's largest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance of payments. [259], Received Pronunciation (RP) is the accent traditionally regarded as the standard for British English. [126], Policing in Greater London, with the exception of the City of London, is provided by the Metropolitan Police ("The Met"), overseen by the mayor through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC). A rare population of melanistic, black fallow deer is also maintained at the Deer Sanctuary near Theydon Bois. A final note on Ireland. [347] The M25 is the second-longest ring-road motorway in Europe at 117 miles (188km) long. [359] It is also the world's biggest currency trading centre, accounting for some 37 per cent of the $5.1trillion average daily volume, according to the BIS. The best time to visit London is March through May when the temperatures are mild and the city's parks are green and blooming. The West End is London's main entertainment and shopping district, attracting tourists. The highest pressure ever reported is 1,049.8 millibars (31.00inHg) on 20 January 2020. [87] Rising traffic congestion led to the creation of the world's first local urban rail network. Mary Quant designed the miniskirt in her King's Road boutique in Swinging Sixties London. In 2003, the gardens were put on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. [406], London has been the setting for many works of literature. [433], London is one of the major classical and popular music capitals of the world and hosts major music corporations, such as Universal Music Group International and Warner Music Group, and countless bands, musicians and industry professionals.

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