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The median area of metropolitan France's communes at the 1999 census was even smaller, at 10.73 square kilometres (4.14sqmi). )solar: 2.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Following that event, a "commune" of Paris was immediately set up to replace the old medieval chartered city of Paris, and a municipal guard was established to protect Paris against any attempt made by King Louis XVI to quell the ongoing revolution. )services: 78.8% (2017 est. The Chevnement law tidied up all these practices, abolishing some structures and creating new ones. As for Paris, no intercommunal structure has emerged there, the suburbs of Paris fearing the concept of a "Greater Paris," and so disunity still is the rule in the metropolitan area, with the suburbs of Paris creating many different intercommunal structures all without the city. OECD countries spending surprisingly little on social causes are the Netherland (16.1 percent), Ireland (13.4 percent) and South Korea (12.2 percent). This answer is: Hide Comment (1) Jane Louthen Hanlon Lvl 1 2022-02-21 22:53:33 Interesting. Today, many Western European countries that once used the franc have since switched to the standardized Euro found throughout most of Europe. Today, French communes are still very much the same in their general principles as those that were established at the beginning of the Revolution. The franc got its name from the Latin inscription francorum rex, which translates to "King of the Franks," alluding to France's historical past. However, in many places local feuds have arisen, and it was not possible to set up an intercommunal structure for the whole of the urban area: some communes refusing to take part in it, or even creating their own structure. ), $45,000 (2021 est. )$2.854 trillion (2020 est. It is Europes most important agricultural producer and one of the worlds leading industrial powers. )investment in inventories: 0.9% (2017 est. ), 338.425 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Unlike most other European countries, which stringently merged their communes to better reflect modern-day densities of population (such as Germany and Italy around 1970), dramatically decreasing the number of communes in the process the Gemeinden of West Germany were decreased from 24,400 to 8,400 in the space of a few years France only carried out mergers at the margin, and those were mostly carried out during the 19th century. One cant impose unity out of the blue on a country that has 265 kinds of cheese.. ), total subscriptions: 73 million (2021 est. Structures with fiscal power. t. e. In the United States, a county or county equivalent is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic region with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. A majestic city known as the ville lumire, or city of light, Paris has often been remade, most famously in the mid-19th century under the command of Georges-Eugne, Baron Haussman, who was committed to Napoleon IIIs vision of a modern city free of the choleric swamps and congested alleys of old, with broad avenues and a regular plan. Another theory suggests the term is a variation of the French word franc, which can mean either "straightforward" or "free", depending upon the context. The Jacobin revolutionaries were afraid of independent local powers, which they saw as conservative and opposed to the revolution, and so they favored a powerful central state. The CFA franc was introduced in the African countries in 1945 and has been in circulation ever since. Except for these tasks, villages were left to handle other issues as they pleased. [citation needed], One major often raised problem with intercommunality, is the fact that the intercommunal structures are not subject to directly election by the people, so it is the representatives of each individual commune that sit in the new structure. )consumption: 472.699 billion kWh (2020 est. There are two different versions of the African franc, with 14 countries using the CFA and six African countries using their own version of the franc, which are directly tied to the French franc. )biomass and waste: 2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Alsace Aquitaine Auvergne Basse Normandie Bourgogne Bretagne Centre Champagne-Ardenne Corse Franche-Comt Haute Normandie Ile-de-France Languedoc-Roussillon Limousin Lorraine Midi-Pyrnes Nord-Pas-de-Calais Pays de la Loire Picardie Poitou-Charentes chief of state: President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017)head of government: Prime Minister lisabeth BORNE (since 16 May 2022)cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president at the suggestion of the prime ministerelections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 April 2022 with a runoff held on 24 April 2022 (next to be held in April 2027); prime minister appointed by the presidentelection results: 2022: Emmanuel MACRON reelected in second round; percent of vote in first round - Emmanuel MACRON (LREM) 27.8%, Marine LE PEN (RN) 23.2%, Jean-Luc MELENCHON (LFI) 22%, Eric ZEMMOUR (Reconquete) 7.1%, Valerie PECRESSE (LR) 4.8%, Yannick JADOT (EELV) 4.6%, Jean LASSALLE (Resistons!) metropolitan France: Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain; French Guiana: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname; Guadeloupe: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Puerto Rico; Martinique: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago; Mayotte: Southern Indian Ocean, island in the Mozambique Channel, about halfway between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique; Reunion: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar. Usually, there was no mayor in the modern sense; all the chevins or consuls were on equal footing, and rendered decisions collegially. As of January 2021, there were 35,083 communes in France, of which 34,836 in metropolitan France, 129 in the overseas departments and 83 in the overseas collectivities and New Caledonia. With the exception of . French is an official language in 29 independent nations. From 41,000 communes at the time of the French Revolution, the number decreased to 37,963 in 1921, to 36,569 in 2008 (in metropolitan France). In recent years it has become increasingly common for communes to band together in intercommunal consortia for the provision of such services as refuse collection and water supply. ), conventional long form: French Republicconventional short form: Francelocal long form: Republique francaiselocal short form: Franceetymology: name derives from the Latin "Francia" meaning "Land of the Franks"; the Franks were a group of Germanic tribes located along the middle and lower Rhine River in the 3rd century A.D. who merged with Gallic-Roman populations in succeeding centuries and to whom they passed on their name, name: Parisgeographic coordinates: 48 52 N, 2 20 Etime difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in Octobertime zone note: applies to metropolitan France only; for its overseas regions the time difference is UTC-4 for Guadeloupe and Martinique, UTC-3 for French Guiana, UTC+3 for Mayotte, and UTC+4 for Reunionetymology: name derives from the Parisii, a Celtic tribe that inhabited the area from the 3rd century B.C., but who were conquered by the Romans in the 1st century B.C. Roman Catholic 47%, Muslim 4%, Protestant 2%, Buddhist 2%, Orthodox 1%, Jewish 1%, other 1%, none 33%, unspecified 9% (2021 est. France also created the CFA franc, which is still in use in many of its former colonies in Africa. It plays an influential global role as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, NATO, the G-7, the G-20, the EU, and other multilateral organizations. Its current planned release date is 2027. The UK's equivalent are civil parishes. These include: This table shows the total populations of the countries, not the number of French speakers (some of these countries such as Canada have a majority that do not speak French). The expression "intercommunality" (intercommunalit) denotes several forms of cooperation between communes. ), general assessment: France's telecom market is one of the largest in Europe; there is a multi-year Engage 2025 plan which is focused on growth in the developing markets, and on the greater use of artificial intelligence and data; there are many MVNOs in the market; LTE networks provide near universal coverage, and carry about 95% of mobile data traffic; operators have launched 5G services, and these have been supported by the late-2020 auction of spectrum in the 3.5GHz range; Frances fixed broadband market is increasingly focused on fiber, which accounted for 71% of all fixed lines at the beginning of 2021; growth in the fiber sector has been stimulated by households securing faster data packages during the pandemic; the number of DSL lines has fallen sharply as customers migrate to fiber infrastructure (2021)domestic: nearly 59 per 100 persons for fixed-line and over 110 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2021)international: country code - 33;landing points for Circe South, TAT-14, INGRID, FLAG Atlantic-1, Apollo, HUGO, IFC-1, ACE, SeaMeWe-3 & 4, Dunant, Africa-1, AAE-1, Atlas Offshore, Hawk, IMEWE, Med Cable, PEACE Cable, and TENorth/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medexsubmarine cables providing links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East,Southeast Asia, Africaand US; satellite earth stations - more than 3 (2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat - Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries (2019)overseas departments: country codes: French Guiana - 594; landing points for Ella Link, Kanawa, Americas II to South America, Europe, Caribbean and US; Guadeloupe - 590; landing points for GCN, Southern Caribbean Fiber, andECFSaround the Caribbean andUS;Martinique - 596; landing points for Americas II, ECFS, and Southern Caribbean Fiber to South America, US and around the Caribbean; Mayotte - 262; landing points for FLY-LION3 and LION2 toEast Africa and East African Islands in Indian Ocean;Reunion - 262; landing points for SAFE, METISS, and LION submarine cables to Asia, South and East Africa, Southeast Asia and nearby Indian Ocean Island countries of Mauritius, and Madagascar (2019), a mix of both publicly operated and privately owned TV stations; state-owned France television stations operate 4 networks, one of which is a network of regional stations, and has part-interest in several thematic cable/satellite channels and international channels; a large number of privately owned regional and local TV stations; multi-channel satellite and cable services provide a large number of channels; public broadcaster Radio France operates 7 national networks, a series of regional networks, and operates services for overseas territories and foreign audiences; Radio France Internationale, under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is a leading international broadcaster; a large number of commercial FM stations, with many of them consolidating into commercial networks, metropolitan France - .fr; French Guiana - .gf; Guadeloupe - .gp; Martinique - .mq; Mayotte - .yt; Reunion - .re, total: 55.9 million (2021 est. [citation needed]. It shows the distinctive nature of the French commune as a geo-political or administrative entity. Countless rural communes that had hundreds of inhabitants at the time of the French Revolution now have only a hundred inhabitants or fewer. France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. ), municipal: 5.31 billion cubic meters (2020 est. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. France began to establish colonies in North America, the Caribbean and India, following Spanish and Portuguese successes during the Age of Discovery, in rivalry with Britain. The total area of the French colonial empire, with the first (mainly in the Americas and Asia) and second (mainly in Africa and Asia), the French colonial empires combined, reached 24,000,000km2 (9,300,000sqmi), the second largest in the world (the first being the British Empire). Issued on: 21/06/2023 - 19:21 Although the euro has largely replaced the franc in Europe, two European countries still use the franc as their official currency: Switzerland and Liechtenstein. This association arises in part from the rising of the Paris Commune, 1871, which could have more felicitously been called, in English, "the rising of the City of Paris". )services: 77.2% (2016 est. Note: Titles marked with * are semi-autonomous French territories. The following is a list of the 3,143 counties and county-equivalents in the 50 states and District of Columbia sorted by U.S. state, plus an additional 100 county-equivalents in the U.S. territories sorted by territory. )tide and wave: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. In some urban areas like Marseille there exist four distinct intercommunal structures! [citation needed]. In this area as in many others, the work of the National Assembly was, properly speaking, revolutionary: not content with transforming all the chartered cities and towns into communes, the National Assembly also decided to turn all the village parishes into full-status communes. The French word commune appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin communia, for a large gathering of people sharing a common life; from Latin communis, 'things held in common'. Note: Runion, Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana and Mayotte are classified as overseas regions of France and are thus not a part of this list.

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