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He had written an article, rejected by the magazine, about flights passing through Lajes Field in the Azores, a Portuguese airbase used by the U.S. Air Force. On January 22, 2009, U.S. President Barack Obama signed an executive order requiring the CIA to use only the 19 interrogation methods outlined in the United States Army Field Manual "unless the Attorney General with appropriate consultation provides further guidance". "[63][140], On March 5, 2009, Bloomberg News reported that the United States Senate intelligence committee was beginning a one-year inquiry in the CIA's detention program.[141]. [citation needed] EU Justice commissioner Franco Frattini has repeatedly asserted suspension of voting rights for any member state found to have hosted a CIA black site. [124], On February 5, 2007, Portuguese general prosecutor Cndida Almeida, head of the Central Investigation and Penal Action Department (DCIAP), announced an investigation of "torture or inhuman and cruel treatment", prompted by allegations of "illegal activities and serious human rights violations" made by MEP Ana Gomes to the attorney general, Pinto Monteiro, on January 26, 2007. [110], Patrick Leahy and John Conyers, chairmen of the respective Senate and House Judiciary committees, requested that the Justice Department turn over documents related to the secret February 2005 legal opinion to their committees for review. An important aspect of black site operation is that the legal status of black site detainees is not clearly defined. When it comes to dark web safety, the deep web dangers are very different from dark web dangers. "[119], Nonetheless, the CIA's alleged programme prompted several official investigations in Europe into the existence of such secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers involving Council of Europe member states. There are sites, for instance, that sell illegal drugs and others that allow you buy firearms illegally. [3], US President George W. Bush acknowledged the existence of secret prisons operated by the CIA during a speech on September 6, 2006. [150] Of the 119 known detainees, at least 39 were subjected to the CIA enhanced interrogation techniques. Iliescu further stated that had he known of the intended use of the site, he would certainly not have approved the request. [68] On 21 February 2008, British Foreign Secretary David Miliband admitted that two United States extraordinary rendition flights refuelled on Diego Garcia in 2002, and was "very sorry" that earlier denials were having to be corrected. The U.S. government doesn't need to turn over information about alleged CIA black sites in Poland because doing so would harm national security, the Supreme Court ruled. She said she had no doubt that illegal flights were frequently permitted during the Duro Barroso (20022004) and Santana Lopes (20042005) governments, and that "during the [present Socialist] government of Jos Scrates, 24 flights which passed through Portuguese territory" are documented. More Internet law Ask a lawyer - it's free! obama's order to close "black sites" notwithstanding, many people claim that black sites continue to exist as the black budget has continued to balloon under obama, rendition remains approved, and more and more legal matters pertaining to "black sites" are seeing the government err on the side of classification rather than disclosure. The dark web has often been confused with the deep web, the parts of the web not indexed (searchable) by search engines.The term dark web first emerged in 2009; however, it is unknown when the actual dark web first emerged. The legal age of consent, previously at only 13, has been raised to 16 years. Log in to keep reading or access research tools. The security that makes Tor so anonymous resembles the layers of an onion. [70], The Egyptian Foreign Ministry later explained that the intercepted fax was merely a review of the Romanian press done by the Egyptian Embassy in Bucharest. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The tapes were made in 2002 as part of a secret detention and interrogation program, and were destroyed in November 2005. Nevertheless, there are many indications from various sources which must be considered reliable, justifying the continuation of the analytical and investigative work. They . The inquiry was prompted by a determination by the European Court of Human Rights that Mr. Zubaydah had been tortured in 2002 and 2003 at so-called black sites operated by the C.I.A., including . Black soldiers fought in the U.S. Army throughout it, but slavery remained legal in all 13 colonies except Vermont, when the inaugural Independence Day happened a year later on July 4, 1777. [62], On January 23, 2009, The Guardian reported that the CIA ran a secret detention center in Camp Lemonnier in Djibouti, a former French Foreign Legion base. Danner also provided excerpts of the ICRC report characterizing procedures used at the black sites, dubbed "an alternative set of procedures" by President Bush, and discussed whether they fit the definition of torture.[14]. ", "EU May Suspend Nations With Secret Prisons", "No Proof of Secret C.I.A. [8], Black sites operated by the US government and its surrogates were first officially acknowledged by President George W. Bush in the fall of 2006. [63] The United States has refused to cooperate with a Polish investigation into the matter, according to the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights. "[25], On July 20, 2007, Bush made an executive order banning torture of captives by intelligence officials. According to the same document, similar interrogation centers exist in Bulgaria, Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, and Ukraine. Documents on Interrogation", "Debate Erupts on Techniques used by C.I.A. [125], Gomes was highly critical of the Portuguese government's reluctance to comply with the European Parliament Commission investigation into the CIA flights, leading to tensions with Foreign Minister Lus Amado, a member of her party. [107], An August 13, 2007, story by Jane Mayer in The New Yorker reported that the CIA has operated "black site" secret prisons by the direct presidential order of George W. Bush since shortly after 9/11, and that extreme psychological interrogation measures based at least partially on the Vietnam-era Phoenix Program were used on detainees. There are also sites that distribute child pornography. That's questionable. Other Democrats in Congress also made public statements of outrage about the destruction of the tapes, suggesting that a violation of law had occurred. [109], On October 4, 2007, The New York Times reported that, shortly after Alberto Gonzales became Attorney General in February 2005, the Justice Department issued a secret opinion which for the first time provided CIA explicit authorization to barrage terror suspects with a combination of painful physical and psychological tactics, including head-slapping, simulated drowning and frigid temperatures. "The Court, relying in significant part on the 2014 US Senate Committee Report, dismissed Romania's and Lithuania's claims that, among other things, (a) the applicants lacked credible sources of evidence; (b) the black sites did not exist in their countries, and (c) if the sites did exist in their countries, the government did not agree to them . The program was intended to protect America. Helgerson's office is reportedly nearing completion on a number of inquiries into CIA detention, interrogation, and renditions. Asked a question about waterboarding, Hayden mentioned attorney general nominee Michael Mukasey, saying, "Judge Mukasey cannot nor can I answer your question in the abstract. [9] The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) reported details of black site practices to the US government in early 2007,[10] and the contents of that report became public in March 2009. Ultimately, 26 Americans (mostly suspected CIA agents) and nine Italians were indicted. [26], In a September 7, 2007, public address to the Council on Foreign Relations in New York, rare for a sitting Director of Central Intelligence, General Michael Hayden praised the program of detaining and interrogating prisoners, and credited it with providing 70 percent of the National Intelligence Estimate on the threat to America released in July. The CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program damaged the United States' standing in the world, and resulted in other significant monetary and non-monetary costs. Vans from a nearby intelligence base (Stare Kiejkuty) met the aircraft, stayed for a short while and then drove off. In this case, both the Trump and Biden administrations argued that even though the information about the torture program is widely known, confirming the existence of CIA black sites in Poland . In December 2014 the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI) published an executive summary of a secret 6,000-page report on CIA techniques. Flight records obtained by the group documented the Boeing 737 'N4476S' leased by the CIA for transporting prisoners leaving Kabul and making stops in Poland and Romania before continuing on to Morocco, and finally Guantnamo Bay in Cuba. The Swiss government did not officially confirm the existence of the report, but started a judiciary procedure for leakage of secret documents against the newspaper on January 9, 2006. [77] In September 2008, two anonymous Polish intelligence officers made the claims about facilities being located in Poland in the Polish daily newspaper Dziennik. [13] The report was submitted to Bush administration officials. The alleged constitutional and international law trespasses took place when Leszek Miller, presently member of parliament and leader of the Democratic Left Alliance, was Prime Minister (20012004), and he may also be subjected to future legal action (a trial before the State Tribunal of the Republic of Poland). The report criticized a number of European countries (including Austria, Italy, Poland along with Portugal) for their "unwillingness to co-operate" with investigators and the action of secret services for lack of cooperation with the Parliaments' investigators and acceptal of the illegal abductions. In 2011, the Obama administration admitted that it had been holding a Somali prisoner for two months aboard a U.S. naval ship at sea for interrogation. [114] Members of the House and Senate intelligence committees expressed concern about the inquiry, saying that it could undermine the inspector general's role as independent watchdog. Responding to the allegations about black sites, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice stated on December 5, 2005 that the U.S. had not violated any country's sovereignty in the rendition of suspects, and that individuals were never rendered to countries where it was believed that they might be tortured. [citation needed]. [149][151], On July 24, 2014, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Poland violated the European Convention on Human Rights when it cooperated with the US, allowing the CIA to hold and torture Abu Zubaydah and Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri on its territory in 20022003. [31][32] On February 3, 2010, she was found guilty of two counts of attempted murder, armed assault, using and carrying a firearm, and three counts of assault on U.S. officers and employees. Yet the department also stated that the tapes "had no more intelligence value and were not relevant to any inquiries". deserves . This process is called "extraordinary rendition". Those courts had agreed with the government that the case could not go forward without exposing state secrets. [70] Slovak ministry spokesman Richard Fides said the country had no black sites, but its intelligence service spokesman Vladimir Simko said he would not disclose any information about possible Slovak black sites to the media. [126] She expressed satisfaction with the opening of the investigation, but emphasized that she had always said a parliamentary inquiry would also be necessary. The 6,000-page report produced 20 key findings. The CIA marginalized and ignored numerous internal critiques, criticisms, and objections concerning the operation and management of the CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program. This number of 100 persons does not overlap, but adds itself to the U.S.-detained 100 ghost detainees.[28]. On November 28, 2005, EU Justice Commissioner Franco Frattini asserted that any EU country which had operated a secret prison would have its voting rights suspended. If you're looking for dark web links, you probably know about Tor The Onion Router. The reputation of the dark web has often been linked to criminal intent or illegal content, and "trading" sites where users can purchase illicit goods or services. Wojciech Czuchnowski and Jacek Harukowicz, United Kingdom and British overseas territories, Learn how and when to remove this template message, United Nations Convention Against Torture, the section below on the media and investigative history, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture, European Parliament report of February 2007, International Federation of Human Rights Leagues, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Message from the Director: Interrogation Policy and Contracts, Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States, Extraordinary rendition by the United States, "The Latin American Exception: How a Washington Global Torture Gulag Was Turned Into the Only Gulag-Free Zone on Earth", "Bush: Top terror suspects to face tribunals", "CIA Holds Terror Suspects in Secret Prisons", "Poland feels sting of betrayal over CIA 'black site', "Black Letter Abuse: the US Legal Response to torture since 9/11", "US Torture: Voices from the Black Sites", "Bush admits CIA held terrorism suspects outside U.S.", "Sources Tell ABC News Top Al Qaeda Figures Held in Secret CIA Prisons", "US Groups Hail Censure of Washington's "Terror War", "Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 19 of the Convention: Conclusions and recommendations of the Committee against Torture", 'Rendition' does not involve torture, says Rice, "U.S. Decries Abuse but Defends Interrogations", "Colleagues Say C.I.A. Gonzales reportedly approved the legal memorandum on "combined effects" over the objections of James B. Comey, the outgoing deputy attorney general, who told colleagues at the Justice Department that they would all be "ashamed" when the world eventually learned of it. [6], A European Union (EU) report adopted on February 14, 2007, by a majority of the European Parliament (382 MEPs voting in favor, 256 against and 74 abstaining) stated the CIA operated 1,245 flights and that it was not possible to contradict evidence or suggestions that secret detention centers where prisoners have been tortured were operated in Poland and Romania. It is investigated by the Canadian authorities, as it would have been flying from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada, via Keflavk in Iceland before going to Turkey. On October 11, 2007, The New York Times reported that Michael Hayden had ordered an unusual internal inquiry into the work of the agency's inspector general, John L. Helgerson, whose aggressive investigations of the CIA's detention and interrogation programs and other matters have created resentment among agency operatives. The UK may also face liabilities over apparent violations of international treaties. It is estimated that the U.S. has also used 17 ships as floating prisons since 2001, bringing the total estimated number of prisons operated by the U.S. and/or its allies to house alleged terrorist suspects since 2001 to more than 100. In 2015, U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell's former chief of staff, Lawrence Wilkerson, elaborated saying Diego Garcia was used by the CIA for "nefarious activities". Approximately 30 detainees are considered the most dangerous or important terrorism suspects and are held by the CIA at black sites under the most secretive arrangements. UK might have been a transit state but there is no proof about this either. For full details, see the section below on the media and investigative history. [112] On October 5, 2007, President George W. Bush responded, saying "This government does not torture people. Although no clear evidence have been found against the United Kingdom. Many internet users only use the surface web, data that can be accessed by a typical web browser. [24], In a September 29, 2006, speech, Bush stated: "Once captured, Abu Zubaydah, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed were taken into custody of the Central Intelligence Agency. The report defines extraordinary renditions as instances where "an individual suspected of involvement in terrorism is illegally abducted, arrested and/or transferred into the custody of US officials and/or transported to another country for interrogation which, in the majority of cases involves incommunicado detention and torture".UK officials have further denied any claims and many investing officials agree to it that UK was not involved in the

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