what was the largest american city in 1815?divinity 2 respec talents

The most famous of these, perhaps, was Cyrus McCormicks horse-drawn mechanical reaper, which partially mechanized wheat harvesting, and John Deeres steel-bladed plough, which more easily allowed for the conversion of unbroken ground into fertile farmland. But no army could subdue this monster, which turned out to be the largest volcanic explosion in human history. The aqueduct opened on October 14, 1842, with great celebration. Around 38,000 people in the surrounding area were killed. Half the world is at risk of dengue. The era of Reconstruction introduced a period of debate over the political and economic rights of freed slaves (1979.394) and the role of federal power in the reunited states. 1926, I.N. Unlike the incorporated cities in the main list, the US Census Bureau does not release annual population estimates for CDPs. Population growth and economic leadership, Robert G. Albion, "New York Port and its disappointed rivals, 1815-1860. The fires of the period and the increased need for water for industry led to the construction of the Croton Aqueduct water system between 1837 and 1842. Visiting the United States in the 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville observed, there is no country in the world in which the Christian religion retains a greater influence over the souls of men. Class conflict, child labor, accelerated immigration, and the expansion of slavery followed. As defined by the United States Census Bureau, an incorporated place includes cities, towns, villages, boroughs, and municipalities. Industrialization and Conflict in America: 18401875. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Market-based farmers soon accessed credit through by eastern banks, which provided them with both the opportunity to expand their enterprise but left them prone before the risk of catastrophic failure wrought by distant and impersonal market forces. Why did derick faison leave td jakes ministry? What is the word that goes with a public officer of a town or township responsible for keeping the peace? To protect the fortunes and liabilities of entrepreneurs who invested in early industrial endeavors, states offered the privileges of incorporation. [6] By 1835, with the epidemic past, Manhattan was in the throes of the first of its building booms. President John Tyler, former presidents John Quincy Adams and Martin van Buren, and New York Governor William H. Seward were among those in attendance. Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? By submitting your email, you agree to our, America's 10 biggest cities, in every decade going back to1790, The Supreme Court decides not to destroy democracy in the United States. WebUNITED STATES ARMY CHAPTER 6 The War of 1812 To Great Britain the War of I8I2 was simply a burdensome adjunct of its greater struggle against Napoleonic France. By 1830, 40 cents of every dollar the mills paid for cotton went to New York brokers to cover the cost of shipping. The largest city in the United States in 1815 was New York, New York. By 1840 Ohio created two navigable, all-water links from Lake Erie to the Ohio River. What effects accomplishments did Francisco have. Bartlett, Lockport, Erie Canal, 1839, via Wikimedia. New York, with a population of 96,000 in 1810, surged far beyond its rivals, reaching a population of 1,080,000 in 1860, compared to 566,000 in Philadelphia, 212,000 in Baltimore and 178,000 in Boston. Accelerated industrialization only accentuated sectionalism and the differences between North and South. Can we see pic of female inserting a tampon? Some consolidated city-counties, however, include multiple incorporated places. Oakland, Californiia (Kirby Lee-USA TODAY Sports) We've received your submission. What was the largest city in the US by 1815? I really can hardly conceive a higher enjoyment than a botanical tour among the Alleghany Mountains, she declared. The weather shifts led to crop failures and famine worldwide, Behringer writes. In 1810, for instance, before the rapid explosion of American infrastructure, Margaret Dwight left New Haven, Connecticut, in a wagon headed for Ohio Territory. Red and yellow snow fell over the Adriatic Sea, while snow from a raging blizzard in Hungary was reported to be flesh-colored., In China, meanwhile, the Zhejiang province reported virtually no sunny days between January and November.. What is the word that goes with a public officer of a town or township responsible for keeping the peace? Section 1 In the 18th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston. American genre painters focused on a nostalgic view of displaced American types (33.61). Imitation and innovation in the response to the Erie canal in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston.". Of greatest importance, it sponsored the Erie Canal, which began operations in 1825, forming a continuous water route from New York north to Albany via the Hudson River, then west to Buffalo using the new canal to reach the Great Lakes. Productivity and efficiencies paled before the measure of income. Are you allowed to carry food into indira gandhi stadium? The Library of Congress offers classroom materials and professional development to help teachers effectively use primary sources from the Library's vast digital collections in their teaching. The first of a series of cholera epidemics began in 1832. On April 5, 1815, the residents of Sumbawa Island heard terrifying explosions. Tammany Hall began to grow in influenc How many edges and corners does a cucumber have? Grier, Katherine C. Culture & Comfort: Parlor Making and Middle Class Identity, 18501930. Slaverys extension into western lands caused a great forced migration of African Americans. State and local governments provided the means for the bulk of this initial wave of railroad construction, but economic collapse following the Panic of 1837 made governments wary of such investments. International Stock Food Factory, between 1900 and 1910. How the coil springs look like as you move it back and forth.? Process of transferring data to a storage medium? Westward migration, technological advances, and rapid economic development pushed the country onward even as they threatened to break it apart. In the mid-to-late 19th century, areas of poverty could be found in contrast between rich stretches of lower Broadway, Washington Square, Gramercy Park and Lafayette Street (wealth that would later take up more extravagant residence on Fifth Avenue) and the squalid enclave of Five Points (abject poverty that was later to occupy the Lower East Side). One of the biggest differences was in the number of people who lived in cities vs those who lived in rural areas. 1st Largest City: New York City The mean city population is 301,765, and the mean density is 4,151 inhabitants per square mile (1,603/km2). Oops. The following table lists U.S. cities that, in past censuses, have had populations of at least 100,000 but have since decreased beneath this threshold or have been consolidated with or annexed into a neighboring city. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Also confusing is the Battle of New Orleans, the largest of the war and a resounding U.S. victory. Her trip was less than 500 miles but took six full weeks to complete. As news slowly spread of the Treaty of Ghent (1814) ending the War of 1812, battles between American and British What specific section of the world do cannibals do not live? The Significance of the Battle of Cowpens. [3] Manufacturing was not a major factor in the city's growth in the 19th centuryfactories were chiefly being built in towns and smaller cities with waterfalls and fast rivers that were harnessed to generate the power, or were closer to coal supplies. Department of History, City College and Graduate Center, CUNY. How much is a 1928 series b red seal five dollar bill worth? 3, 1974, pp. Do they have to give members warning before they bar you? The population of the northern colonies was generally higher than the rest of the colonies due to the temperate climate and abundance of food (from land and sea). Depressions devastated the economy in 1819, 1837, and 1857. For a list of largest cities by area, see, Toggle 50 states and Washington, D.C. subsection, List of United States cities by population, (), Srpskohrvatski / . With the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 and the resulting withdrawal of British troops from the city, the Congress of the Confederation moved to Federal Hall on Wall Street in 1785. The High Enlightenment: 1730-1780. Explore important topics and moments in U.S. history through historical primary sources from the Library of Congress. The city's and state's status within the new union under the United States Constitution written in 1787 was under question when Governor George Clinton proved reluctant to submit state power to a strong national government and was opposed to ratification. Most news outlets make their money through advertising or subscriptions. was a smooth, crushed rock thoroughfare. The Big Apple has more than twice as many people as the number two largest city, Los Angeles. The fire leveled 50 acres (200,000 square meters) in the Financial District. Behringer argues that the year without a summer led to a literary breakthrough as well. In 1815 the largest American city was A) Philadelphia B) Baltimore C) Newark D) New York City E) Boston D After 1790, the responsibilities for running American farm households A) fell more The development of stream power and the exploitation of Pennsylvania coalfields shifted the locus of American manufacturing. Such internal improvements not only spread goods, they spread information. But in the wake of the War of 1812, Americans rushed to build a new national infrastructure, new networks of roads, canals, and railroads. The table displays: The city rank by population as of xuiwtuq=LmVhYy4hZWRofSY8KTcqYCxxanNkeCkgOm9mcmdQPDA3Pyt3YiFlbiViZzwqJjI8JiI1I2owPDp%2B%0AJTctOzY7N3oqNyc%2FM2UhJT9jcy8jPXs9L2cyJjt%2FMCh9ZCJvf3FsdTsyOHY9aj8qPDY%2FZHlydDds%0AfGQqbm8%2FdW5nY3cxPjA6OmM6Jz07YDA%2FcyktdCthazs%2FZSZwPDs3bWQmY2NqYzMZJisqLjI%2BAjc2%0AKDMwKy8wdyd2fmtuezA8cgYBcys3cyJyInFrcyktdCVhayUiKSJ8PnFpPGVtY3AxNjw7JCsnO2Qo%0APWxqenxzOTp1PjUoKnI9NyY3PCYgOmMrLSI6dywnIjBlPSlqc3dhan5iZWJidX0AKjctdFA%2FICY7%0AfH1gdGFgdWQcIzB7IDgtYGp6aXV6CDo8OyEuO3MBRn9iYTxudTMMIDtmfH4xJ2VmdH8nL2hmaD9o%0AbGgIOyV4IXlqf3dhfHsifXQKJi0xPzoqcGpjcX57cy48KGtpc3AxKmp5ciZqeH8zfWghdWxveyct%0ANTNjNnJ5Z3wxJiIsPzVrY2VlOyNiLjEnLjAgLH0xMCN2GXwYej4nDmU%2FPUwvITAPJCRjODYhOwA2%0AMCYmBng2GjwnOxlGHQk6NhlgdHsnbm8%2FdWluezg3Kzs9O2xiO2l8KH0UFEZ8dWBhfm9yPCx8Ojwn%0AO31uMGhsaSol. In 1792, a group of merchants made the "Buttonwood Agreement" and began meeting under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street, beginning the New York Stock Exchange, while a yellow fever epidemic that summer sent New Yorkers fleeing north to nearby healthful Greenwich Village. The B&Os founders imagined the line as a means to funnel the agricultural products of the trans-Appalachian West to an outlet on the Chesapeake Bay. Many wanted limits. Google Pay. Raw unregulated capitalism created large middle, upper-middle and upper classes, but its need for manpower encouraged immigration into the city on an unprecedented scale, with mixed results. The roads were so rocky & so gullied as to be almost impassable. Ten days into the journey, at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Dwight said it appeared to me that we had come to the end of the habitable part of the globe. She finally concluded that the reason so few are willing to return from the Western country, is not that the country is so good, but because the journey is so bad. Nineteen years later, in 1829, English traveler Frances Trollope made the reverse journey across the Allegheny Mountains from Cincinnati to the east coast. 2nd Largest City: Los Angeles Instead, they kept pushing to get forward., The so-called Transportation Revolution opened for Americans the vast lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. In 1820, only two cities in the United StatesNew York and Philadelphiahad over 100,000 inhabitants. The history of New York City (17841854) started with the creation of the city as the capital of the United States under the Congress of the Confederation from January 11, 1785, to Autumn 1788, and then under the United States Constitution from its ratification in 1789 until moving to Philadelphia in 1790. How Many Natives Died on the Trail of Tears? WebThe American Revolution, 1763 - 1783; The New Nation, 1783 - 1815; National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880; Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861-1877; Rise of Industrial America, 1876-1900; Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929; Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945; The Post War United States, 1945-1968 The Erie Canal captured the bulk of the trade emerging from the Great Lakes region, securing New York Citys position as the nations largest and most economically important city. While only four new territories had become states between 1792-1812, one new state was declared every year between 1816-1821 (chronologically: Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri). The famed "melting pot" was brought into being, from which multitudes have since arisen in the successful pursuit of the American Dream. War of 1812 (1812-1815) > Date ended: Feb 16, 1815. The election of Republican Abraham Lincoln in 1860, with his vision of new lands being free of slavery, induced the southern states to secede from the Union, and the horrendous Civil War between North and South ensued. In 1815 the largest American city was. Southern planters grew increasingly dependent upon slave labor for massive amounts of cotton production (the South accounted for two-thirds of the worlds cotton production in 1850), which fed the factories of the North and Great Britain. Old industries expanded and many new ones, including petroleum refining, steel manufacturing, and electrical power, emerged. To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography, history, and economics. WebThe table below lists the 331 incorporated placesin the United States with more than 100,000 people living in them on July 1, 2021, as estimatedby the United States Census Bureau. 2 city, Los Angeles, obviously didn't exist back in 1790 and wasn't even the largest city in California in the 19th century. How the coil springs look like as you move it back and forth.? The United States and Canada, 18001900 A.D. New York State completed the Erie Canal in 1825. "List of largest cities in the United States" redirects here. New York City also profited heavily from the fur trade. The growth of the American economy reshaped American life in the decades before the Civil War. Thomas Jefferson saw the ideal American society as one whose economy was dominated by. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997. WebBy 1914 Germany was an industrial giant second only to the United States. Tammany Hall began to grow in influence with the support of many Irish immigrants, culminating in the election of the first Tammany mayor, Fernando Wood, in 1854. The city grew as an economic center with the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825; the growth of its railroads added to its dominance. In his many popular publications, including The Architecture of Country Houses (1850) and Horticulturalist Magazine, often illustrated by architect Alexander J. Davis (18031892), Downing recommended the building of country homes where one could cleanse the soul by escaping the psychologically and physically unhealthy aspects of urban life. A. Janicke & Co., Our City, (St. Louis, Mo. This is an independent city that is not part of any county. Firemen, some called from as far away as Philadelphia, were at first helpless to battle the wind-driven fire because of icing lines and pumps. Thanks to the shock of the Tambora crisis . Phelps Stokes; The Iconography of Manhattan Island Vol 5. Fleeing the potato famine in Ireland and revolutionary turmoil in the German states, foreign-born workers increasingly replaced native-born labor, toiling in factories and crowding into the working-class sections of expanding cities. The ninety miles of National Road was to her a garden.. Debates over the future extension of slavery fractured the existing national party system along regional lines. Each region had highly specialized economies based on their specific environments. Jaffee, David. Five states have no cities with populations exceeding 100,000. The legal status of incorporation had been designed to confer privileges to organizations embarking upon expensive projects explicitly designed for the public good, such as universities, municipalities, and major public works projects. WebUrbanization rates, 1790-2010 Since the countrys founding, the US population has been moving from rural to urban areas and from smaller towns to larger cities. 31424. What does it mean when you call a Mexican mighty kong? His own worst enemy: A new Trump tape only strengthens the case against him, DeSantis keeps looking like a Trump copycat, Vox Announces New Hires, Deepening of Climate Reporting. Meanwhile, the cash economy eclipsed the old, local, informal systems of barter and trade. The geographic center of the nation shifted westward. What was the date of sameul de champlians marriage? 1922, I.N. Each followed rampant speculationbubblesin various commodities: land in 1819, land and slaves in 1837, and railroad bonds in 1857. You can also contribute via. The temperature was below zero (F), and gale-force winds were blowing. Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves: Race, War, and Monument in Nineteenth-Century America. Lacking representation from all of the states, the convention made no suggestions for changing the Articles but instead drafted a report that led to the creation of a Constitutional Convention in 1787 to create an entirely new governing document. They earned cash for what they had previously consumed; the purchased the goods they had previously made or went without. A CDP is a concentration of population identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes. In the late 1800s, people in many parts of the world decided to leave their homes and immigrate to the United States. Each week, we explore unique solutions to some of the world's biggest problems. Francisco, California. This directly led to the American revolution and splintering of the British empire. ", Julius Rubin, "Canal or railroad? All rights reserved. The United States first long-distance rail line launched from Maryland in 1827. History in Charts is a website dedicated to writing about historical topics and diving deeper into the data behind different events, time periods, places, and people. Whats going on with Vladimir Putin after the mutiny? In the world, no - Mexico City is. America's 10 biggest cities, in every decade going back to Which public switched telephone network (PSTN) service provides small businesses with an inexpensive alternative to purchasing and running a private branch exchange (PBX)? The largest cities in the American colonies in 1775 in terms of population were Philadelphia (~43,000), New York City (~25,000), Boston (~16,000), and Charleston Eventually, the fire was controlled by blowing up buildings in the fire's path. Reader support helps keep our explainers free for all. The city had become the nation's most important port and financial center and competed with Boston as the center of high culture.[1]. Thanks for contacting us. The The largest cities in the American colonies in 1775 in terms of population were Philadelphia (~43,000), New York City (~25,000), Boston (~16,000), and Charleston (~12,000).2 Unsurprisingly, all these cities were located along the coast as transatlantic trade provided a plethora of labor opportunities for those without land for agricultural work. The total 2020 enumerated population of all cities over 100,000 is 96,598,047, representing 29.14% of the United States population (excluding territories) and covering a total land area of 29,588 square miles (76,630km2). The steamboat turned St. Louis and Cincinnati into centers of trade, and Chicago rose as it became the railroad hub of the western Great Lakes and Great Plains regions. They crowded into dirty rooms, and the slums of the city became known for high rates of disease. CDPs are delineated for each decennial census as the statistical counterparts of incorporated places such as cities, towns and villages. How can you tell is a firm is incorporated? What years of time was the separate but equal doctrine the law of the land in the US? American farmers increasingly exported foodstuffs to Europe as the French Revolutionary Wars devastated the continent between 1793 and 1815. By the 1830s, for instance, New England was losing its competitive advantage as new sources and locations of power opened up in other regions. They are: Delaware, Maine, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming. The usury laws and fetters on internal migration disappeared. Within a few short years, during the Mexican-American War, telegraph lines carried news of battlefield events to eastern newspapers within days, in stark contrast to the War of 1812, when the Battle of New Orleans took place nearly two full weeks after Britain and the United States had signed a peace treaty. The city and its nearby suburbs grew rapidly for several reasons. The largest cities were all seaports During the early republic indians living on western lands Were constantly pushed further west The national road linked The potomac river with yhe Ohio New York began the world's first regular packet service to England with the Black Ball Line in 1818. Great finds of precious metals in the American West (72.3) transformed luxury goods, such as gold and silver jewelry. Engraving based on W.H. By 1844, one British traveler declared that the prosperity of America, her railroads, canals, steam navigation, and banks, are the fruit of English capital., Economic growth, however, proceeded unevenly. Every house in the village was blown to bits, trees were uprooted and flew through the air and volcanic ash reached heights of four feet. Any amount helps. Jackson, Kenneth T. and David S. Dunbar, eds. In Austria, a Catholic sect called the Poschlianer ordered human sacrifices as a supposed cure the crisis, descending on the one family in the village who didnt belong to the group and a 31-year-old woman named Anna Maria Enzinger. A desert fungus that infects humans is spreading. This table lists the 333 incorporated places in the United States, excluding the U.S. territories, with a population of at least 100,000 as of July 1, 2022, as estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau. If Puerto Rico were included with the broader U.S. list, San Juan would be the 57th largest city in the country. Timeline of United States history (17901819) List of years in the United States. In the US, yes. The Civil War and its aftermath provided an opportunity for artists and photographers in the illustrated press and sculptors in the public sphere to commemorate the heroism and sacrifice of Abraham Lincoln and the common soldier alike. Where is the tallest General Electric Building located? After 1790, Congress left for Philadelphia. . Do they have to give members warning before they bar you? 1801-1870: Expansion and Reform. Income became the measure of economic worth. Women in particular became prodigious readers, as well as the authors of many books and magazine articles (17.104). What is the relationship between Commerce and economics? Why is there no universal way to prevent it? In 1797, Aaron Burr took control of Tammany Hall and used it to win the state's electoral vote in the 1800 presidential election. Jan 30 Burned US Library of Congress re-established with Thomas Jefferson's 6,500 volumes, Feb 17 Treaty of Ghent ratified by the US Senate and signed by President James Madison ending War of 1812, over a month after it was signed in Europe, Feb 26 Napoleon Bonaparte and his supporters leave Elba to start a 100 day re-conquest of France, Apr 5 Mount Tambora in the Dutch East Indies, has its first violent eruption after several centuries of dormancy, Jun 18 Battle of Waterloo; Napoleon Bonaparte and France defeated by British forces under Duke of Wellington and Prussian troops under Field Marshall von Blcher, Jul 9 Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Prigord takes office as the first Prime Minister of France, Jul 9 King Louis XVIII leaves Ghent for France, Dec 15 Italian composer Gioachino Rossini (24) gets commission from Teatro Argentina to write his opera "Almaviva", later known as "Il barbiere di Siviglia" (The Barber of Seville), Dec 23 "Emma" novel by Jane Austen is published by John Murray in London [1]. Still, suspicions remained. European capital also helped to build American infrastructure. How an 1815 volcanic eruption turned New York into Americas largest city By Larry Getlen July 27, 2019 1:57pm The eruption of Mount Tambora led to mass migration to Trial Trip of the Stourbridge Lion, 1916, via Library of Congress. York. By 1850, six American cities met that threshold, including Chicago, which had been founded fewer than two decades earlier. Rural craftsmen. Which country agreed to give up its claims to the Oregon territory in the Adams-onis treaty? Young workers might simply earn wages, for instance, rather than receiving room and board and training as part of apprenticeships. Americans increasingly produced goods for sale, not for consumption. Are you allowed to carry food into indira gandhi stadium? Web1815-1850: Religion: Overview. Events from the year 1815 in the United States. In 1775 city life was much less common than it is now. Thomas Jefferson himself wrote in 1816 that I hope we shall crush in its birth the aristocracy of our monied corporations which dare already to challenge our government to a trial of strength, and bid defiance to the laws of our country. But in Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819) the Supreme Court upheld the rights of private corporations when it denied the government of New Hampshires attempt to reorganize Dartmouth College on behalf of the common good. This story has been shared 160,436 times. Phelps Stokes; The Iconography of Manhattan Island Vol 1. This is a list of the most populous incorporated places of the United States. Its estimated that only ~10% of the American population lived in cities then compared to ~80-85% in the present day. In general the average American colonist had a higher standard of living than their European counterparts. Fleeing crop failure, land and job shortages, rising taxes, and famine, many 1918, I.N. 98, no. Soon thereafter steamboats filled the waters of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. . How did the British React to the Boston Tea Party. Some merchandise was carried to churches that were thought to be fireproof, but several of these burned anyway. At the same time, the canal accelerated the development of New York state, and dropped the cost of transporting goods from New York to the Great Lakes area by 95 percent. What was the largest city in the United States in 1815? Moreover, a new form of economic organization appeared: the business corporation. Downstream-only routes became watery two-way highways. Savage, Kirk. In his 1815 annual message to Congress, President James Madison stressed the great importance of establishing throughout our country the roads and canals which can best be executed under national authority. State governments continued to sponsor the greatest improvements in American transportation, but the federal governments annual expenditures on internal improvements climbed to a yearly average of $1,323,000 by Andrew Jacksons presidency. But when it comes to what were trying to do at Vox, there are a couple of big issues with relying on ads and subscriptions to keep the lights on. We accept credit card, Apple Pay, and Which country agreed to give up its claims to the Oregon territory in the Adams-onis treaty? DC and Boston "feel" like bigger cities than San Antonio (more pro sports teams, direct flights to more cities, bigger daily newspaper, worse traffic jams) because they are the centers of larger metro areas. How is it possible for mantle rock to flow? The natural harbor at the base of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the New Jersey ports at Newark and Elizabeth provided almost unlimited capacity for trading ships and protection from storms. Detroit Publishing Company. One note about the limitations of this data is that by "city" this map means the municipal boundaries of the city, not the population of the larger metropolitan area. If the two decades between Margaret Dwights and Frances Trollopes journeys transformed the young nation, the pace of change only accelerated in the following years. Stationary steam engines powering advanced machinery allowed factories to set up in the nations largest cities (1999.396). Sign up for the The Great New York City Fire of 1845 destroyed 345 wooden buildings in the Financial District. New York, New York is still the But there are also some remarkable shifts in evidence like the rise and fall of Buffalo and Detroit in the Rust Belt. > How: Treaty of Ghent. Please enter a valid email and try again. How is it possible for mantle rock to flow? The aqueduct brought fresh water from the Croton Dam in northern Westchester County over the High Bridge to the Receiving Reservoir between 79th Street and 86th Street and Sixth and Seventh Avenues. Why did Frederic Forrest leave 21 Jump Street? As the British fought on behalf of the colonies, America was the logical choice. 1) Alexander, John K. The Philadelphia Numbers Game: An Analysis of Philadelphias Eighteenth-Century Population. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. The American West, 1865-1900 The completion of the railroads to the West following the Civil War opened up vast areas of the region to settlement and economic development. Robert Fulton established the first commercial steam boat service up and down the Hudson River in New York in 1807. To learn more about US history, check out this timeline of the history of the United States.

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