sunan ibn majah authenticitydivinity 2 respec talents

Note that the wording of imam Ahmad's and ibn Majah's narrations have a slight difference. The Five Book canon, which is first noted in the sixth/twelfth century, incorporates the Jami' of al-Tirmidhi (d. 279/892). The Sunan was authored by Ibn Mjah (AD 824- 887). Every Hadith book has various chapters and Hadees for each chapter is mentioned. So this version includes an addition saying that some people didn't know that it was abrogated when the prophet () died. There are other hadiths that are Sahih but none of them even mention nor allude that the abrogated verse was referring to the suckling of an adult. It only takes a minute to sign up. Although he did not denote them as a canonical unit, the fifth/eleventh-century Shfi scholar of Nishapur, Ab Bakr al-Bayhaq (d. 458/1066), stated that the six collections of al-Bukhr, Muslim, Ab Dwd, al-Nas, al-Tirmidh (d. 279/892) and Ibn Khuzayma (d. 311/923) had identified the bulk of the authentic adths in circulation (Al-Bayhaq, 1991: 1:106). Ibn Abd al-Salm Izz al-Dn Abd al-Azz, 2002, Musjala ilmiyya bayn al-immayn al-jallayn al-Izz b. 1 Sunan ibn Majah 1986 says It was narrated that Ash'ath bin Qais said: "I was a guest (at the home) of 'Umar one night, and in the middle of the night he went and hit his wife, and I separated them. ), Beirut, Muassasat al-Risla, 627 p. 1998, Tadhkirat al-uff, Zakariyy Umayrt (ed. The Mamluk-era anaf jurist Al al-Dn Mughuly (d. 762/1361) penned the first shar on the book that I know of (al-Ilm bi-sunnatihi alayhi al-salm shar Sunan Ibn Mjah al-imm) (Mughuly, 2007). Maktab al-Maarif. It was not until Ibn al-Qaisarani's formal standardization of the Sunni hadith cannon into six books in the 11th century that Ibn Majah's collection was regarded the esteem granted to the five other books. He explains that adths found in Ibn Mjahs Sunan and not in the other Six Books are often weak (al-Sad). sunan ibn e majah 39 Chapters, 4341 Ahadith 1 the book of the sunnah (HADITH 1-266) 2 the book of purification and its sunnah (HADITH 267-564) 3 the book of tayammum (rubbing hands and feet with dust) (HADITH 565-666) 4 the book of the prayer (HADITH 667-705) 5 the book of the adhan and the sunnah regarding it (HADITH 706-734) 6 II, S.M. The Book of the Sunnah (17) Chapter: The virtue of the scholars, and encouragement to seek knowledge (17) It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah () said: Is it generally understood by this hadith that verses were removed from the Quran after they were revealed? ), Cairo, Hujr, 10t. He also indicates if there were other narrations transmitted by other companions on the same subject. Ibn Al-Athir said: "(It) is the best of books, having the most benefit, the best organization, with the least repetition. None of these books, however, has enjoyed the esteem of al-Bukhari's and Muslim's works. Anyone whose ruling disagrees with a report and does not provide some acceptable interpretation (tawl sigh) for the report, we negate his ruling, for the umma has accepted these reports with consensus (al-Subk, 1992: 4:261). 150-d.204 A.H.) wrote his Kitab al-Umm before Tirmidhi's Jami', the Kitab al-Umm is less comprehensive in comparison to the Jami' of Tirmidhi. When Ibn al-al (d. 643/1245) needed evidence to support the validity of a controversial supererogatory prayer known as alt al-Raghib, which first was practiced in Jerusalem in the fifth/eleventh century, he turned to Ibn Mjah (Ibn Abd al-Salm, 2002: 54). How to skip a value in a \foreach in TikZ? The term Sunan within the title refers to the collection's focus and chapter arrangement based on the particular Risalah subject, ahkam (general law). 11Muammad b. Yazd Ibn Mjah was born in 209/824-5 and died in 273/887. What are these planes and what are they doing? Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Does Pre-Print compromise anonymity for a later peer-review? Sunni scholars themselves acknowledged that, in the case of Ibn Majahs Sunan, utility trumped authenticity in the Sunni hadith canon. It is widely considered to be the sixth of the six canonical collection of hadith (Kutub as-Sittah) of the Sunnah of the Prophet (). The second type of traditions are those which fulfil the conditions of Bukhari or Muslim. Short story in which a scout on a colony ship learns there are no habitable worlds. He said: No, by Allah, for I have seen him putting together the words of many narrators in a single hadith, and not separating the narration of one person from that of another. The term Jami within the title indicates a complete collection covering all eight Risalah (Allah's message) subjects. Hadith books are compilations. The canonical books of al-Bukhr, Muslim, al-Tirmidh, Ab Dwd and al-Nas all formed part of a single and tightly-knit universe. 14As earlier scholars had done with the other books of the adth canon, Ab al-Fal al-Maqdis builds a case for including Ibn Mjahs work on the basis of its reliability. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. 2008, Bulgh al-marm min adillat al-akm, Ab Mudh riq b. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Al-Tirmidh also studied adths with Muslim and Ab Dwd. Al-Hafidh Abu'l-Fadl Al-Maqdisi said: "I heard Al-Imam Abu Ismail Abdullah bin Muhammad Al-Ansari in Harrah - when Abu Isa At-Tirmidhi and his book was mentioned before him - saying: "To me, his book is more useful than the books of Al-Bukhari and that of Muslim. (d. 446/1054). Sunan ibn Majah: . 17To a large extent, Ibn Mjah existed outside of the network of scholars who produced and acclaimed the other Six Books. Ishaq Muhammad, 1955, Indias Contribution to the Study of Hadith Literature, Dhaka, University of Dacca, 270p. It is Ibn Mjahs book that it brings up the tail of the canon, Ibn ajar explains, because he alone includes adths from transmitters accused of lying and rigging adths with other isnds (sariqat al-adth). And some of these adths, Ibn ajar continues, are only known of via these transmitters, like abb b. Ab abb the secretary of Mlik, and al-Al b. Zaydal (Ibn ajar, 1994: 165-66). Many noted adth scholars omitted the work altogether from their canonical lists, limiting the selection to Five Books. You can even select your desired . Tirmidhi, M. I. [3], Al-Kattani said: "The Jami of at-Tirmidhi is also named The Sunan, contrary to those thinking them to be two separate books, and [it is also named] Al-Jami al-Kabir.[4]. These works ranked in the first or second tier of Ibn azms (d. 456/1064) listing of the best collections of reports from the Prophet and the early Muslim community (Ibn azm was famously ignorant of al-Tirmidhs Jmi) (al-Dhahab, 1998: 3:231). To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Al-Nas studied with Ab Dwd as well as (according to some) al-Bukhr (Brown, 2007: 55, 96; al-Baghdd, 1997: 9:56 ff.). ), Beirut, Dr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1998, 5 tomes dans 3. As the medieval Muslim analysts observations about the marginal value added of the Sunan suggest, the intellectual community who canonized Ibn Mjah prized authenticity but required utility. [7], Editor, Muhammad Muhyiddin Abd al-Hamid's 1935, Cairo publication, in 4 volumes, provides the standard topical classification of the hadith Arabic text. Abd al-Ghan, 1988, Kitab al-Taqyd li-marifat ruwt al-sunan wa al-masnd, Kaml Ysuf al-t (ed. Sunan Ibn Majah is one of the six most authentic collections of the Ahadith and contains 4,341 total Ahadith. Espaces, institutions et pratiques, Langues, religion et modernit dans l'espace musulman, La Syrie au quotidien. Like the other translations of the six books of hadith, Dar-us-Salam Publications, has taken great care in correct translation, simple and clear modern English language, and high quality publishing. How does "safely" function in "a daydream safely beyond human possibility"? Usamah ibn Zayd RA praying at the grave of the Prophet SAW. 33Beginning with al-kim al-Naysbr (d. 405/1014), Sunni scholars have exhibited consistent concern over increasing the number of Prophetic adths considered admissible in scholarly discourse. Musfir b. Gharam Allh al-Dumayn has produced the Ziydt Ab al-asan al-Qan al Sunan Ibn Mjah (Riyadh: Author, 1412/1991), which collects added narrations that were in the recension of Ibn Mjahs Sunan from al-Qan, his main acolyte. ), Beirut, Dr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 19t. Abdallh al-Karkukh (d. 548/1154), who came to Baghdad from Herat, receives more attention from Ibn al-Jawz than Ibn Mjah. In his biographical dictionary of those scholars who had transmitted major adth collections after they were written, Ab Bakr Ibn Nuqa (d. 629/1231) of Baghdad builds on Ab Zura al-Rzs supposed praise for Ibn Mjah. Sunnis regard this collection as sixth in terms of authenticity of their Six major Hadith collections. One of the Six Boooks, the Sunan of Ibn Majah, however, presents a bizarre exception. Sunan Ibn Majah is one of the six most authentic collections of the Ahadith and contains 4,341 total Ahadith. Tools Sunan Abu Dawood ( Arabic: , romanized : Sunan Ab Dwd) is one of the Kutub al-Sittah (six major hadith collections), collected by Abu Dawud al-Sijistani (d.889). How to get around passing a variable into an ISR. Tirmidhi's method was that of placing the heading first, then mentioning one or two Ahadith which were related to the heading. It was narrated that 'Aishah said: Les savants sunnites admettent dailleurs que, dans le cas du Sunan dIbn Majah, lutilit lemporta sur lauthenticit dans le canon sunnite. More information . [4][5][6], Abu Dawood started traveling and collecting ahadeeth at a young age. 4As we have discussed elsewhere, a canon, a set of texts considered authoritative by a certain community, need not be immune to criticism or rigidly fixed in its scope (Brown, 2007: 20-46). A hadith from Sunan Ibn Majah which I cannot find in Sunnah.com. 27 Jun 2023 11:37:43 4 In his study of the transmission of Ibn Mjahs Sunan, James Robson notes the relatively restricted number of chains of transmission from the author. All rights reserved. The sixth view is that of 3 years which was reported as the view of many among the scholars from al-Kufa. The late Ottoman scholar Muammad Zhid al-Kawthar (d. 1952), a rabid opponent of Salafism, agrees with his opponents on this count. Goldziher Ignaz, 1971, Muslim Studies Vol. contains mentions of this book that would make even an ignorant person know its value and status (Ibn Nuqa, 1988: 120). Specifically, it was widely considered to be one of the Six Books (al-kutub al-sitta), a selection of works which Sunni Muslim scholars have regarded as authoritative references for adth. Later hadith compendia often included other collections as well.' His principal aim was to discuss the legal opinions of early jurists. 5 The Thesaurus Islamicus edition of Ibn Mjahs Sunan includes 4,485 adths. Abstract. In al-Rfis relatively lengthy biography of Ibn Mjah in his history of Qazvin, Ab Zura only disapproves of three adths (al-Rfi, 1987: 2: 49-53). This is because only an expert can arrive at the benefit of the books of Al-Bukhari and Muslim, whereas in the case of the book of Abu Isa, every one of the people can attain its benefit."[7]. There are in the Sunan of Ibn Mjah a number of weak and forged adths such as the one mentioned on the virtues of Qazwn, he remarks (Ab Shma, 1978: 101). Abu Dawood collected 500,000 hadith, but included only 4,800 in this collection. The book is divided into 37[8] volumes. Books served to delimit the countless numbers of hadith in circulation into a manageable form, and 180-181 as cited in Tirmidhi, M. I. Ibn Nuqa Ab Bakr Muammad b. Six Books. 35Although the explanation for the inclusion of Ibn Mjahs Sunan in the Sunni adth canon may lie in the added utility it provided, Muslim scholars could not rely on utility as an argument to justify canonicity. [1] Nonetheless, consensus among Sunni scholars concerning this six-book canon, which included Ibn Mjah's Sunan, did not occur until the 7th/13th century, and even then this consensus was largely contained to the Sunni scholarly community in the eastern Islamic world. Muqaddamah Tuhfat al-Ahwazi, pp. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. This canon was not rigidly fixed, with some scholars acknowledging only a Five Book canon. With such advantages over Ibn Mjahs book, al-Al argued, al-Drims Sunan is thus more fitting than it (al-Sakhw, 2003: 1:115).6. He reminds us of his ancestor Salman Al-Farisi (R.A.) who was born in the Persian lands and crossed through different places searching for the true religion. The perennial core has been the Sahihayn. ), 1967, Shur al-aimma al-sitta, Cairo: Maktabat al-Quds, 66p. Abrogation of verses 10 feedings of baby to make foster relationship to 5. 7Five of the six books of the famous Sunni Six Book canon all of them except Ibn Mjahs Sunan - rose to prominence during the fourth/tenth and fifth/eleventh centuries in the Islamicate heartlands of the Nile/Oxus region.The famous scholar of Egypt, Sad b. al-Sakan (d. 353/964) and Muammad b. Isq Ibn Mandah of Isfahan (d. 395/1004-5) both mention the four books of al-Bukhr (d. 256/870), Muslim (d. 261/875), Ab Dwd (d. 275/889) and al-Nas (d. 303/915) as agreed upon references. Jaami' at Timizi is a Hadith collection by Abu 'Eesa Muhammad ibn 'Eesa at Tirmidhi. 'the six books') are six (originally five) books containing collections of hadith (sayings or acts of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) compiled by six Sunni Muslim scholars in the ninth century CE, approximately two centuries after the death of Prophet Muhammad. ), Beirut, al-Maktab al-Islm. In his famous a, al-Bukhr used only approximately 430 transmitters that Muslim did not. Hafiz Ibn Hajar has paid tribute to his work with the words ' . An all-collection of the Soonan Aboo Dawood, Mohammad Hashim Kamali (2005). Al-Nawaw Muy al-Dn Yay b. Sharaf, 1968, al-Taqrb lil-Nawaw, Cairo, Maktabat Muammad Al ubay, 63p. Sunan Ibn Mjah ( Arabic : ) is one of the six major Sunni hadith collections ( Kutub al-Sittah ). So prominent was Ibn Mjahs legacy in his native city that al-Rfi also pauses to note a great nephew of Ibn Mjah in one biography in his history (al-Rfi, 1987: 3:328-9). How to solve the coordinates containing points and vectors in the equation? None of these books, however, has enjoyed the esteem of al-Bukhari's and Muslim's works. Sahh al-Bukhr being the first and then Sahh Muslim. Download Full PDF. The Christians split into seventy-two sects, seventy-one of which will be in Hell and one in Paradise. ), Riyadh, Maktabat al-Marif, 157 p. Al-Bayhaq Ab Bakr Amad, 1991, Marifat al-sunan wa al-thr, Sayyid Kusraw asan (ed. Later hadith compendia often included other collections as well.' Stern et C.R. His Sunan has gained world wide popularity for its peculiarities. A report from ibn Abbas on the pre-existence of the Prophet ? URL: http://journals.openedition.org/remmm/7154; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/remmm.7154, Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/, Privacy Policy About Cookies Report a problem, OpenEdition member Published with Lodel Administration only, You will be redirected to OpenEdition Search, La canonisation dIbn Mjah: authenticit vs. utilit dans la formation du canon du, Journal supported by the Institut des sciences humaines et sociales (InSHS) of the CNRS, 2023-2024, Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Mditerrane, criture de lhistoire et processus de canonisation dans les premiers sicles de l'islam, The Canonization of Ibn Mjah: Authenticity vs. Utility in the Formation of the Sunni, The Canonization of Ibn Mjah: Authenticity vs. Utility in the Formation of the Sunni, The Arab press published outside the Arabic-speaking areas: contextual effects. Nouveaux territoires, nouveaux enjeux, Libadisme, une minorit au cur de lislam, Enseignement suprieur, pouvoirs et mondialisation dans le monde arabe, Le monde rural dans l'Occident musulman mdival, Les mosques. trumped authenticity in the Sunni hadith canon. "We can discern three strata of the Sunni hadith canon. Sunan Ibn Majah - Volume 1 by Umair Mirza. Basically the matter which creates confusion in this narratiion is primarily is the addition: This addition was compiled by ibn Majah, imam Ahmad and abu Ya'ala in their Musnad and by at-Tabarani in his al-Mo'jam al-Awsat via ibn Ishaaq the known "biographer" of the prophet, who is an ambivalent narrator. Are the Arab revolutions an event for Social Sciences? The Kaml subsequently became the basis for the later mainstay adth transmitter dictionaries, such as Jaml al-Dn al-Mizzs (d. 742/1341) Tahdhb al-kaml and Ibn ajar al-Asqalns (d. 852/1449) refinement of the work, the Tahdhb al-tahdhb. Like the other translations of the six books of hadith, Dar-us-Salam Publications, has taken great care in correct translation, simple and clear modern English language, and high quality publishing. 32This is certainly accurate by my count. Brown Jonathan, 2007, The Canonization of al-Bukhr and Muslim, Leiden, Brill, 431 p. 2009, Hadith: Muhammads Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World, Oxford, Oneworld, 308p. Contradictory hadiths on the most beloved individuals to the Holy Prophet in Jami at-Tirmidhi. The Five Book canon, which is first noted in the sixth/twelfth century, incorporates the Jami' of al-Tirmidhi (d. 279/892). If a GPS displays the correct time, can I trust the calculated position? [5], The reason for the addition of Ibn Majah's Sunan is that it contains many Hadiths which do not figure in the other five, whereas all the Hadiths in the Muwatta' figure in the other Sahih books. It contains 4341 adth[1] in 32 books (kutub) divided into 1,500 chapters (abwb). Category : Publications. 7 Ibn Diya (d. 633/1235) states that Ibn anbal never intended his Musnad to be used as an unquestioned source of proof texts, since it is not permitted to use most of its adths as proof (Ibn Diya, 1998: 147). Al-RfiAbd al-Karm b. Muammad, 1987, al-Tadwn f akhbr Qazwn, Azz Allh al-Urid (ed. (17) Chapter: The division of nations (17) It was narrated from 'Awf bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah () said: "The Jews split into seventy-one sects, one of which will be in Paradise and seventy in Hell. How then do we explain the canonical status of the work? Comprendre le statut canonique du Sunan dIbn Majah en dpit de ces critiques, implique donc de reconnatre que le canon du hadith ntait pas seulement bas sur lauthenticit, mais aussi sur la notion dutilit. Of the four Sunan books, al-Tirmidhi's alone is divided into four categories. Ibn Diya Umar b. asan, 1998, Ad m wajab min bayn wa al-wan f rajab, Muammad Zuhayr al-Shwsh and Muammad Nir al-Dn al-Albn (ed. It consists of 4341 ahadith in 37 books. Types of hadith included relating to their authenticity. Whoever takes up armed camp (rbaa) there for forty morns will receive a column of gold in heaven, crowned with a ruby dome with seventy gates, at each door a mate from among the famous heavenly beauties. In this case his narration is in disagreement or has an addition to that of two of the most trustworthy narrators among the hadith scholars of Madina: Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Ansari which appears in Sahih Muslim with the wording: There was revealed in the Holy Qur'an ten clear sucklings, and then five clear (sucklings). Ibn ajar explains that: Ibn hir [al-Maqdis] and those who followed him turned away from counting the Muwaa [as part of the canon] in favor of the Ibn Mjah [s Sunan] only because the Prophetic adths that the Muwaa adds to the Five Books are very few as opposed to Ibn Mjah, for indeed its additions are many times the number of the Muwaa. I was sitting near him. Mughuly Al al-Dn,2007, al-Ilm bi-sunnatihi alayhi al-salm shar Sunan Ibn Mjah al-imm, Muammad Al Samak et Al Ibrhm(ed. The Islamic Foundation. A Textbook of Hadith Studies: Authenticity, Compilation, Classification and Criticism of Hadith (p. 40). Ibn Majah was an eminent scholar and memorizer of Hadith. Ibn al-Jawz Abd al-Ramn b. One of the Six Boooks, the Sunan of Ibn Majah, however, presents a bizarre exception. The Precolonial Sahara : An archipelago of societies ? It is known for containing ahadeeth used as evidence for points of Islamic jurisprudense. Islam Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for Muslims, experts in Islam, and those interested in learning more about Islam. 29Such criticisms are severe indictments from leading lights in the Sunni adth tradition. Al-Ghumr Amad, 1996, al-Mudw li-ilal sharay al- al-Munw, Cairo, Dr al-Kutub, 6t. Here I argue the converse: it was, in part, the isolated transmission of the book that prevented it from becoming better known. The first, those hadith definitively classified as authentic, he is in agreement with Bukhari and Muslim. The authors of the six collections are as follows: "We can discern three strata of the Sunni hadith canon. My only grievance is the text "breastfeeding an ADULT". This empowerment depends on some authorizing ethos to compel community members to venerate the canon, such as claims of a divine origin, the eminent wisdom of the author, the mandate of the people or some certainty about historical preservation. . About 20 of the traditions it contains were . According to the testimony of influential participants in the Sunni study of adth, the book was admitted into the canon not because of its reliability but because it vastly expanded the number of useful adths in the canonical body. It was narrated that: Abdullah bin Abu Awfa said "When Muadh bin Jabal came from Sham, he prostrated to the Prophet who said: 'What is this, O Muadh?' He said: 'I went to Sham and saw them prostrating to their bishops and patricians and I wanted to do that for you.' The messenger of Allah said: 'Do not do that. When the Messenger of Allah died, we were preoccupied with his death, and a tame sheep came in and ate it." Sunan Ibn Majah is a collection of Hadith compiled by Imam Ibn Majah al-Qazvini ( ). Although it has been considered part of the Six Book collection since the late eleventh century, it has been consistently and severely criticized by Sunni scholars for the large number of unreliable hadiths it contains. Beyond these two foundational classics, some fourth/tenth-century scholars refer to a four-book selection that adds the two Sunans of Abu Dawud (d. 275/889) and al-Nasa'i (d. 303/915). Sunan Ibn Mjah: one of the six canonical collections of hadith Kitb al-Tafsr: a book of Qur'an exegesis Kitb al-Trkh: a book of history or, more likely, a listing of hadith transmitters The Sunan The Sunan consists of 1,500 chapters and about 4,000 hadith. Explaining the canonical status of Ibn Majahs Sunan despite these criticisms requires recognizing that the hadith canon was based not only on authenticity but also on utility. Le Maghreb, Identits confessionnelles et espace urbain en terres d'islam, Le travail et la question sociale au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient, Sciences, savoirs modernes et pouvoirs dans le monde musulman contemporain, La tradition manuscrite en criture arabe, Dbats intellectuels au Moyen-Orient dans l'entre-deux-guerres, Rules for Submitting English Language Manuscripts, A digital resources portal for the humanities and social sciences, The Canonical Culture of Ibn Mjah and its Discontents, Synecdoche: the Key to Ibn Mjahs Canonization, Catalogue of 614 journals. Al-Maqdis Muammad hir and Ab Bakr Muammad al-zim, 2006, Shur al-aimma al-sitta wa shur al-aimma al-khamsa, in Abd al-Fatt Ab Ghudda (ed. Nevertheless ibn Majah narrated another hadith in his Sunan on the topic of breastfeeding adults which you may find here and also in Sunan an-Nasa-i and Sahih Muslim. Abd al-Ghan al-Maqdis (d. 600/1203) chose this as the subject of his biographical dictionary al-Kaml f marifat asm al-rijl, which identified and rated all the adth transmitters used in these works. I'm already aware of abrogation. 1994, Maqlt al-Kawthar, Cairo, al-Maktaba al-Azhariyya, 639p. Is the hadith of Ibn Abbas about six haram things authentic? As one of the most authentic books of Islam ever written, the author of Sunan Ibn Majah book was Ibn Majah. [14], Editor, Ahmad Muhammad Shkir's 1937-65, Cairo publication, in 5 volumes, provides the standard topical classification of the hadith Arabic text. [8], Sunnis regard this collection as fifth in strength of their six major hadith collections. 5 page 193 ff): Ahadith on breastfeeding adults are used to show that breastfeeding creates a prohibition for marriage for people who where foreign to each other. recognizing that the hadith canon was based not only on authenticity but also on utility. The canonization of Ibn Mjahs Sunan illustrates that the adth canon was formed in part for reasons other than textual authenticity as defined by Sunni adth criticism. 1In the introduction to the history he devoted to his native city of Qazvin, the famous Shfi jurist Abd al-Karm al-Rfi (d. 623/1226) provides a series of Prophetic adths and sayings of early Muslims that shower the northern Iranian town with accolades. Here is Sunan Ibn Majah 2544: advising muslims to cover up the sins of fellow muslims. The language of textual authenticity (ia), right guidance and absolute submission to the transmitted revelatory teachings of Muammad and his early community permeate Sunni historical formation and identification.

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