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Obes (Silver Spring) (2017) 25(1):10210. Changes in Diet and Lifestyle and Long-Term Weight Gain in Women and Men. The final sample construction for this paper is reported in Table 3 in Additional file 1 consisting 1189 male and 913 female immigrants. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.04.005. Google Scholar. Salam RA, Padhani ZA, Das JK, Shaikh AY, Hoodbhoy Z, Jeelani S, et al. Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Africa. PubMed Central The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) suggest that an assessment of weight and health risks should incorporate three key measures: BMI waist circumference risk factors for. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. Yu EW, Gao L, Stastka P, Cheney MC, Mahabamunuge J, Torres Soto M, et al. Defining Standards and Policies for Promoting Physical Activity in Afterschool Programs. Dutta M, Selvamani Y, Singh P, Prashad L. Epidemiol Health. 51. Privacy 2008;27:13827. Upon arrival in the USA, they are potentially influenced by the habits and lifestyle of their new region of residence. doi: 10.1038/nrg3162, 74. Martins MC, Trujillo J, Freitas-Vilela AA, Farias DR, Rosado EL, Struchiner CJ, et al. Second, the place of residence has a contextual effect on people. US Health Policy and Prescription Drug Coverage of FDA-Approved Medications for the Treatment of Obesity. Struben J, Chan D, Dub L. Policy Insights From the Nutritional Food Market Transformation Model: The Case of Obesity Prevention. Even if people in different regions have spent the same amount of time, the influence of different environments has different effects on their BMI. Association of food environment and food retailers with obesity in US adults. Yan R, Bastian ND, Griffin PM. Bookshelf BMC Med (2013) 11:29. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-29, 70. Jeffery RW, Utter J. Adolesc Med State Art Rev (2017) 28(2):379405. Evidence also suggests dietary assimilation in immigrants is influenced by local environmental factors and that dietary change affects body mass index of female immigrants. Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2018) 48(1):1534. An unhealthy environment may limit the effect of individual-level interventions thus restricting the effect of these interventions on individual health behavior and choices. Gill PA, van Zelm MC, Muir JG, Gibson PR. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00983, 22. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.2.3.32. We use the New Immigrant Survey, 2003 (NIS 2003), a nationally representative survey of legal immigrants to the USA, conducted in 20032004. Soc Sci Med. Olander EK, Fletcher H, Williams S, Atkinson L, Turner A, French DP. Accessed 16 Jan 2018. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3, 18. We calculated the body mass index (BMI) = weight (kg) . Duration of Breastfeeding Is Associated With Leptin (LEP) DNA Methylation Profiles and BMI in 10-Year-Old Children. Das Gupta R, Haider SS, Sutradhar I, Hashan MR, Sajal IH, Hasan M, Haider MR, Sarker M. PLoS One. Cawley J, Meyerhoefer C. The medical care costs of obesity: an instrumental variables approach. Environmental factors that affect the obesity rate in Mississippi are different from those in Utah. Diabetes (2018) 67(10):192331. Standard errors are corrected for heteroscedasticity and are clustered at the state level to correct for arbitrary within-state correlation. Current obesity epidemic in the USA is a result of changes in local environmental conditions [37] such as local food environment [19] and types of food stores [17], which influence the food choices and in turn affect the health outcomes. It is also possible that immigrants move to a place with a high percentage of their co-ethnic population. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdr033. Another important concern with respect to the magnitude of the coefficients is that environmental variables can vary within the states, with respect to their per-capita income, infrastructure, and population density. Hospital Support for Breastfeeding: Preventing obesity begins in hospitals [PDF-5.2MB] Adult Obesity [PDF-2MB] Health Disparities in Obesity [PDF-172KB] Overweight and Obesity Among People with Disabilities [PDF-492KB] The Obesity Epidemic and United States Students [PDF-216KB] Modern BIA techniques are valid tools to estimate body composition in healthy and euvolemic adults. 2013;10:29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-29. Results underline the higher health risk in female immigrants and the need to design obesity prevention policies taking into account gender and ethnic heterogeneity. doi: 10.1016/j.lers.2019.05.002, 93. Request permission; Export citation; Add to favorites; Track citation; Share Share. 2014;311:806. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.732. For this paper, we consider LOR as the long-run outcome of the process by which inhabitants affect their environment; specifically, the social, cultural, and physical environments of a region, and in turn, are affected by it. The .gov means its official. Our results show that immigrant BMI is correlated with the percentage of immigrant population in their region and the state poverty rate. 2008;16:266975. Many factors can contribute to excess weight gain including eating patterns, physical activity levels, and sleep routines. Based on BMI, the recommended weight gains during pregnancy for lean women with a BMI of less than 18.5 is 13-18 kg, for those with a BMI of 18.5-24.9 is 11 to 16 kg. Accessibility Previous research indicates that the process of acculturation varies by gender [42, 43]; hence, we perform the analysis separately for men and women. Preface to the Expert Panel Report (Comprehensive Version Which Includes Systematic Evidence Review, Evidence Statements, and Recommendations). Hi. If we assume that new immigrants choose to live in a region independent of the LOR and the factors that drive it, then we can causally identify the role that environmental factors play in obesity prevalence. Factors Affecting Weight & Health What factors affect weight and health? doi: 10.1073/pnas.0812600106, 96. van Leiden HA, Dekker JM, Moll AC, Nijpels G, Heine RJ, Bouter LM, et al. Al-Rubaye H, McGlone ER, Farzaneh B, Mustafa L, Johnson M, Kayal A, et al. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.076, 89. This process of adoption to a new lifestyle may result in acquiring new health behavior and dietary habits thus resulting in unhealthy outcomes [26,27,28,29,30,31]. Available at. PloS Med (2020) 17(3):e1003051. Article Ir J Med Sci (2019) 188(1):2934. D'Angelo CS, Koiffmann CP. Yoo S. Dynamic Energy Balance and Obesity Prevention. This research is reviewed by the authors universitys Institutional Review Board and has determined that it meets the criteria for exemption under 45 CFR 46.101(b). Patients with obesity are at major risk for developing a range of comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal disorders, type 2 diabetes (T2D), joint and muscular disorders, respiratory problems, and psychological issues, which may significantly affect their daily lives as well as increasing . Differential Associations of Fast Food and Restaurant Food Consumption With 3-Y Change in Body Mass Index: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. J Am Diet Assoc. Received: 08 May 2021; Accepted: 10 August 2021;Published: 06 September 2021. Experimental analysis of neighborhood effects on youth. Blood Pressure, Lipids, and Obesity are Associated With Retinopathy: The Hoorn Study. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. For interpretation, consider if a person instead of immigrating to Colorado (obesity rate 22.3%), immigrated to Georgia (obesity rate 31.4%), her BMI would be 1.66kg/m2 (0.1829.1=1.66) more than her BMI in Colorado. According to McDonald and Kennedy [25], association of immigrant with their ethnic social network in the host country accelerates their assimilation process with host countrys culture and lifestyle, in turn influencing immigrants health. Chen Y, Peng Q, Yang Y, Zheng S, Wang Y, Lu W. The Prevalence and Increasing Trends of Overweight, General Obesity, and Abdominal Obesity Among Chinese Adults: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. To address the both und Gao R, Zhu C, Li H, Yin M, Pan C, Huang L, et al. Ridaura VK, Faith JJ, Rey FE, Cheng J, Duncan AE, Kau AL, et al. Consider this: if people were to choose their place of residence independent of the LOR and the factors that influence it, then the regression of peoples BMI on the LOR would yield causal results. https://stateofobesity.org/adult-obesity/. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2010. Mol Cell Endocrinol. Tamani Arts Building, Results: The result of this study shows that BMI is less than 18.5 in 25.4% of the males as compared to 11.5% in females. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS). doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1014296, 81. Public Health Nutr. These factors affect the health or BMI levels of all individuals who might or might not be in one anothers social circles. Obesity among US immigrant subgroups by duration of residence. We are assuming that prior to arriving in the USA, immigrants are unaware of the local conditions of their places of immigration. Obesity, Undernutrition and the Double Burden of Malnutrition in the Urban and Rural Southern Free State, South Africa. Lal A, Mantilla-Herrera AM, Veerman L, Backholer K, Sacks G, Moodie M, et al. Chen J, Sun M, Adeyemo A, Pirie F, Carstensen T, Pomilla C, et al. Kling JR, Liebman JB, Feins J, Goodson B, Jacob R, Kennedy S, et al. . PMC Nihon Rinsho (2010) 68(Suppl 8):35963. 2011;378:80414. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. Cunha M, Aparcio G, Duarte J, Pereira A, Albuquerque C, Oliveira A. Chi S-H, Grigsby-Toussaint DS, Bradford N, Choi J. PDF. Am J Public Health 2007;97. doi:https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.088401. Review Article: Short Chain Fatty Acids as Potential Therapeutic Agents in Human Gastrointestinal and Inflammatory Disorders. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa285, 62. doi:10.1007/s12098-017-2512-0, 61. This study, therefore, provides a holistic overview of multiple factors affecting body weights i.e., socioeconomic and intrapersonal factors. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Obesity is defined as when a person has a body mass index [BMI (kg/m 2 ), dividing a person's weight by the square of their height] greater than or equal to 30, overweight is defined as a BMI of 25.0-29.9. Greenway FL, Aronne LJ, Raben A, Astrup A, Apovian CM, Hill JO, et al. 33. Behavioral and emotional adaptations of obese and underweight students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity. Stappenbeck TS, Hooper LV, Gordon JI. However, this is a very strong assumption, mainly for two reasons. Int Health (2020) 0:110. Future work can be focused on exploring this relationship. We provide a range of services, including hosting, design, and digital marketing, as well as analytics and other tools to help publishers understand their audience and optimize their content. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60813-1. Tunis Med (2002) 80(9):5427. 2020 May 13;20(1):675. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08679-5. We seek to understand if LOR, a function of the varying environmental factors, have a varying influence on the body mass index (BMI) levels of the immigrants. Similarly, Kling et al. doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1, 79. affect their provision of behavioral health services. Using ordinary least squares, three versions of equations are estimated to quantify the contribution of individual-level, acculturation, and environmental effects on immigrants body mass index. The aim was to investigate the association between postulated risk factors and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Colonic Microbiota Encroachment Correlates With Dysglycemia in Humans. 2015;144:3947. Heliyon (2018) 4(12):e00983. Tydeman-Edwards R, Van Rooyen FC, Walsh CM. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1079. Science (2013) 341(6150):1241214. doi: 10.1126/science.1241214, 99. (DOCX 42 kb). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help What are the most effective techniques in changing obese individuals physical activity self-efficacy and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The double burden of malnutrition among adults in India: evidence from the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16). Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a multi-centre, multi-country, cross-sectional study (ISAAC Phase Three). Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Download Free PDF. Hu FB. Physiol Behav. People with Disabilities: Healthy Weight Issues, People with Disabilities: Healthy Weight Issue Briefs, Hospital Support for Breastfeeding: Preventing obesity begins in hospitals [PDF-5.2MB], Health Disparities in Obesity [PDF-172KB], Overweight and Obesity Among People with Disabilities [PDF-492KB], The Obesity Epidemic and United States Students [PDF-216KB], How to use fruits and vegetables to help manage your weight [PDF-634KB], How to avoid portion size pitfalls to help manage your weight [PDF-774KB]. 2022 Aug 22;8(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s40795-022-00580-1. doi: 10.4161/cc.22224, 72. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Browse Figures. Health Place. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.023. According to the healthy immigrant theory, immigrants on arrival are healthier than the native population and with time their health converges to that of the natives [22,23,24]. Inflammation Bowel Dis (2016) 22(5):113750. Consider two new immigrants who have similar characteristics. Rebello CJ, Greenway FL. doi: 10.1038/4441022a, Keywords: obesity, epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetics, epigenetics, microenvironment, Citation: Lin X and Li H (2021) Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics. The objective of our study was to explore how these factors affect waist circumference and obesity prevalence . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 46. These results are supported by the existing literature, which states that female immigrants converge to the American BMIs at a faster rate than the male immigrants [22] and that the female immigrants body composition is affected more as compared to men after moving to the USA. Deshmukh-Taskar PR, Nicklas TA, ONeil CE, Keast DR, Radcliffe JD, Cho S. The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumption with nutrient intake and weight status in children and adolescents: the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2006. 2006;117:41724. Wealth related inequality in women and children malnutrition in the state of Chhattisgarh and Tamil Nadu. Ann N Y Acad Sci (2014) 1331:5775. Diabetologia (2019) 62:120411. With the passage of time, the effect of the environment is replaced by the effect of the behavioral change. Descriptive Statistics for different BMI categories Table S5. Funato H, Oda S, Yokofujita J, Igarashi H, Kuroda M. Fasting and High-Fat Diet Alter Histone Deacetylase Expression in the Medial Hypothalamus. PubMed Influence of Unhealthy Food and Beverage Marketing on Children's Dietary Intake and Preference: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. To receive email updates about this topic, enter your email address. Background: Bannister AJ, Kouzarides T. Regulation of Chromatin by Histone Modifications. Health Place. J Health Popul Nutr 38, 15 (2019). Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Rats Alters Gut Microbiota Profile Along the Intestine. Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine; Open Access; . Family history and genes The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. PloS One (2011) 6(4):e18950. Demography. Soc Sci Med. According to standardized regression coefficient; factors affecting BMI in the order of importance are: age (p<0.001), educational (p<0.001), marital (p<0.001), smoking status (p<0.05) and sleep duration (p>0.05). doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000750, 41. BMJ (2018) 362:k2486. 2004;104:517. doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0648-6. We want to quantify the contribution of each level of variation (individual-level effects, acculturation effects, and environmental effects) on immigrants BMI levels. The Melanocortin Pathway and Energy Homeostasis: From Discovery to Obesity Therapy. Epub 2019 Dec 18. Ben Slama F, Achour A, Belhadj O, Hsairi M, Oueslati M, Achour N. [Obesity and Life Style in a Population of Male School Children Aged 6 to 10 Years in Ariana (Tunisia)]. Body Mass Index (BMI) Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person's weight in kilograms (or pounds) divided by the square of height in meters (or feet).

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