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This claim is disputed by other autocephalous churches with dioceses in those areas, as well as the Turkish government. [15] In 2006, the patriarchate was invited to hear the appeal of a Russian Orthodox bishop in the United Kingdom in a dispute with his superior in Moscow, though the result of that appeal and the right to make it were both rejected by the latter.[16]. Rum Patriklii, Dr. Sadk Ahmet Cad. In this capacity the patriarch is the religious leader of the country's Orthodox citizens and is known officially as the Greek Patriarch of Fener (Fener Rum Patrii). Apostolic Pilgrimage of Pope Francis and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew to Jerusalem", "Athens protests latest desecration of Orthodox cemetery in Turkey", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._George%27s_Cathedral,_Istanbul&oldid=1145848912, This page was last edited on 21 March 2023, at 09:35. The council resulted in a schism with the Patriarchate of Alexandria. The schism began to develop when all the other Eastern patriarchs supported Cerularius. Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, the spiritual head of some 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide and based in Istanbul, has tested positive for COVID-19, the Patriarchate press office said . cookies . However, whether these canonical rights are limited only to his own patriarchate or are universal throughout the Orthodox Church is the subject of debate, especially between the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Russian Orthodox Church. The Patriarchate was restored by the conquering ruler, Sultan Mehmed II, who wished to establish his dynasty as the direct heirs of the Eastern Roman emperors, and who adopted the imperial title Kayser-i-Rm "caesar of the Romans", one of his subsidiary titles but a significant one. The Patriarchal Cathedral Church of St. George (Greek: ; Turkish: Aya Yorgi Kilisesi) is the principal Eastern Orthodox cathedral located in Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey and, as Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire until 1453, and of the Ottoman Empire until 1922. Christianity in the Greek city of Byzantium was brought by Apostle Andrew himself who visited Byzantium, founded the See of Byzantium in 38 AD and appointed the bishop Stachys the Apostle who remained until 54 AD. This dispute is often between Constantinople and Moscow, the largest Orthodox church in terms of population, especially as expressed in the Third Rome theory which places Moscow in the place of Constantinople as the center of world Orthodoxy. Once the three days passed, he would then claim its remaining contents for himself. This situation, according to some of the Orientalists and historians, shows the Pax Ottomana (or Pax Ottomanica, literally "the Ottoman Peace"). the Church of the Holy Apostles), many were converted into mosques (among them the Hagia Sophia and Chora Church in Constantinople, and the Rotunda and Hagios Demetrios in Thessaloniki) or served for other uses (e.g. The Ecumenical Patriarch bears the name: "(name), by the grace of God Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch"[18], Because of the work of Ecumenical Patriarch Dimitrios, who established September 1 as the day for the protection of the environment,[19][20][21][22] and especially the ongoing work of the current patriarch, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew has been given the title, "Green Patriarch". Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew is the 270th Archbishop to the 2,000-year-old Church of Constantinople (Istanbul), "first among equals" of Orthodox bishops worldwide, and spiritual leader to 300 million faithful. [citation needed], The church has been reconstructed many times and little remains of its original structure. Dimitrios, also spelled Demetrios, original name Dimitrios Papadopoulos, (born 1914, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire [now Istanbul, Tur. The building was desecrated and looted, with the helpless occupants who sought shelter within the church being enslaved. [] The dispute remained something of which ordinary Christians in East and West were largely unaware". cookies . Directories. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople is one of the autocephalous churches that together compose the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church. The ecumenical patriarch (Greek: , romanized:Oikoumeniks Patrirchs) is the archbishop of Constantinople (Istanbul), New Rome and primus inter pares (first among equals) among the heads of the several autocephalous churches which compose the Eastern Orthodox Church. On 3 December 1997, a bomb attack seriously injured a deacon and damaged the Patriarchal church. [20] However, now the heads of most of the autocephalous churches sanctify their own myrrh. cookies . Ecumenical Patriarchate continued its existence in Istanbul, exercising its spiritual ministry over world-wide Orthodoxy. Therefore, the Greek Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople claims its legitimate appointment from Apostle Andrew from whom the subsequent ordination of ministries claim legitimate inheritance through the sacrament of Holy Orders. Since about 1600,[1] it has been the seat of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople whose leader is regarded as the primus inter pares (first among equals) in the Eastern Orthodox Church, and is frequently looked upon as the spiritual leader of the 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide.[a]. This primacy, expressed in canonical literature as presbeia ("prerogatives", literally: "seniorities"), grants to the ecumenical patriarch the right to preside at pan-Orthodox synods. Ecumenical Patriarchate. Inside the church are artefacts including Byzantine mosaics, religious relics and a wood-and-inlay patriarchal throne. (, 25 2023). The ecumenical patriarch has no direct jurisdiction outside the Patriarchate of Constantinople granted to him in Orthodox canonical literature, but his primary function regarding the whole Orthodox Church is one of dealing with relations between autocephalous and autonomous churches. [1][2][3] The term ecumenical in the title is a historical reference to the Ecumene, a Greek designation for the civilised world, i.e. .. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople is one of the fourteen to sixteen autocephalous churches that together compose the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople is one of the most enduring institutions in the world and has had a prominent part in world history. The Ecumenical Patriarchate is the highest see and holiest center of the Orthodox Christian Church The relationship between the Patriarchate and the wider Turkish community has been strained in the past, no more so than when Patriarch Gregory V was hanged for treason after inciting Greeks to overthrow Ottoman rule at the start of the Greek War of Independence (182132). Ortayl, lber (2003). (, 25 2023), . . .. View history Tools Hagios Georgios cathedral in Istanbul, at the Ecumenical Patriarchate Eastern Orthodox Christianity is today the religion of only a minority in Turkey. Vice President Al Gore welcomes the "Green Patriarch" to the Vice Presidential Residence in Washington, DC. It has been led by 270 Ecumenical Patriarchs since its establishment in 330 AD. It is a relatively small church, especially so considering its status in world Christianity. Description. According to Turkish law, still in force today, he is subject to the authority of the Republic of Turkey; however, Turkey allows the Standing Synod of Metropolitan Bishops to elect the patriarch. Presented by Archbishop Demetrios of America. The US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) is one of the organisations calling on Turkey to reopen the seminary. For example, in a town a church should not be larger in size than the largest mosque. Thus, the New Catholic Encyclopedia argues that the dispute need not have produced a permanent schism any more than excommunication of any "contumacious bishop". The see of Byzantium, whose foundation was later ascribed to Andrew the Apostle, was originally a common bishopric. Web: https://www.patriarchate.org/home. In the 19th century, the rising tide of nationalism and secularism among the Balkan Christian nations led to the establishment of several autocephalous national churches, generally under autonomous patriarchs or archbishops, leaving the ecumenical patriarch only direct control over the ethnically Greek-originated Orthodox Christians of Turkey, parts of Greece and the archdioceses in North America, Asia, Africa and Oceania where growing Greek and other migrant communities have gradually constituted a significant orthodox diaspora. Fener ( Turkish pronunciation: [fen]; Greek: , Phanri; in English also: Phanar) is a quarter midway up the Golden Horn in the district of Fatih in Istanbul, Turkey. Head of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and of the Holy Synod is the Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch and Co-Head of State of Mount Athos,[citation needed] who since 1991 has been Bartholomew I (Dimtrios Archontnis). The ecumenical patriarchs in ancient times helped in the spread of Christianity and the resolution of various doctrinal disputes. The events of the East-West Schism are generally dated from the acts of 1054. The very existence of the Patriarchate is threatened by a law on private schools that was recently passed by the parliament in Ankara. The local churches of the Ecumenical Patriarchate consist of six archdioceses, 66 metropolises, 2 dioceses and one exarchate, each of which reports directly to the Patriarch of Constantinople with no intervening authority. The last major rebuilding was carried out by the Patriarch Joachim III (18781912). However, a number of factors and historical events worked to widen the separation over time.[25]. Read our Privacy Policy. [27] In its early days the Turkish state promoted a rival Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate, whose congregation, however, has remained limited. [30] While most of the elderly and the infirm/wounded and sick were killed, and the remainder (mainly teenage males and young boys) were chained up and sold into slavery.[34]. Matthew II (15961603) moved the Patriarchate to the former convent of St George in the Phanar in 1597. The military aid never came and those concessions were subsequently repudiated by the patriarchate but, from 1448, the Russian church came to function independently. Russian-language journalists alleged that the Ecumenical Patriarch was a proxy for American and NATO interests. In the year 330 the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great moved his residence to the town renaming it Nova Roma ( ), or "New Rome". 28 July 2021 by Serhat Engl. Funding. Because of its historical location as the capital of the former Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and its role as the mother church of most modern Orthodox churches, Constantinople holds a special place of honor within Orthodoxy and serves as the seat for the Ecumenical Patriarch, who enjoys the status of primus inter pares (first among equals) among the world's Eastern Orthodox prelates and is regarded as the representative and spiritual leader of Eastern Orthodox Christians. The Turkish government recognizes him as the spiritual leader of the Greek minority in Turkey, and refer to him as the Roman/Greek (literally Rm) Orthodox patriarch of Fener (Turkish: Fener Rum Ortodoks Patrii). Dating from 1836, this church is part of the Greek Patriarchate compound. 1880. ]died Oct. 2, 1991, Istanbul), 269th ecumenical patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox church. Tel: +90 212 5319670 - 6. Inside the church are artefacts including Byzantine mosaics, religious relics, Rising Hogwarts-like from the urban jumble, this Fener landmark, known locally as krmz kale (the red castle) for its castellated red-brick facade,, Consecrated in the 13th century and saved from conversion into a mosque by the personal decree of Mehmet the Conqueror, this is the only church in, Known as the 'Iron Church', this distinctive Gothic Revivalstyle building on the Golden Horn has an extremely beautiful interior, with its gilded iron, The sultan to whom this mosque was dedicated (Sleyman the Magnificent's father, Selim I, known as 'the Grim') is famous for having killed two of his, Not long after the Conquest, Mehmet the Conqueror visited this 13th-century church to discuss theological questions with the Patriarch of the Orthodox, This mosque started life as the 11th-century Church of St Theodosia. The five patriarchs of the ancient Pentarchy (Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, in that order) are to be given seniority of honour, but have no actual power over other bishops other than the power of the synod they are chairing (and in which they also wield one vote). The estrangement of East and West, which had proceeded over the centuries, culminated in the horrible massacre that accompanied the conquest of Constantinople. Istanbul, Turkey. His titles primus inter pares. In Turkey it is also referred to unofficially as, The officer given the task was killed by the crowd, and in the end the image was removed rather than destroyed: It was to be restored by Irene and removed again by. The patriarch thus came to have the title of Ecumenical, which referenced not a universal episcopacy over other bishops but rather the position of the patriarch as at the center of the oikoumeni, the "household" of the empire. Legend has it that one day before the Conquest, worshippers filled the church with. There are many highlights, but the sarcophagi from the, Dating from 1836, this church is part of the Greek Patriarchate compound. Prominent issues for the Ecumenical Patriarchate's policy in the 21st century include the safety of the believers in the Middle East, reconciliation of the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches,[14] and the reopening of the Theological School of Halki, which was closed down by the Turkish authorities in 1971.[15][16]. This policy results in problems in the function of the patriarchate, since clergy coming from abroad are not eligible to apply for residence and work permits. The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America provides substantial support through an annual contribution, known as the logia, and its institutions, including the American-based Greek Orthodox Ladies Philoptochos Society and the Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, usually important laymen who make large donations for the upkeep of the Patriarchate. The Patriarchate has been based in a series of churches over its history, including Hagia Eirene (Aya rini; 272398), Hagia Sofya (Aya Sofya; 3981453) and the Church of Pammakaristos (Fethiye Museum; 14561587). First among equals of leaders in the Eastern Orthodox Church, "Ecumenical patriarch" redirects here. Based on: Wikipedia. "Oecumenical Patriarch." The relationship between Constantinople and the Ottoman Empire was frequently bitter, due in no small part to the privilege given to Islam. The Venetians received 150,000 silver marks that was their due, while the Crusaders received 50,000 silver marks. For three days they murdered, raped, looted and destroyed on a scale which even the ancient Vandals and Goths would have found unbelievable. This year, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov added fuel to the fire, telling. The rate at which these new autocephalous ("self-headed") churches came into being increased in the 19th century, particularly with the independence of Greece. [14] Additionally, in 2005, the Ecumenical Patriarchate convoked a pan-Orthodox synod to express the Orthodox world's confirmation of the deposition of Patriarch Irenaios of Jerusalem. As the Roman Empire stabilized and grew, so did the influence of the patriarchate at its capital. , , , , , - , (EKD), , , , (WCC), (CEC), , , , .. .. Surrounded by the colourful urban area of Fener with the remains of once luxurious houses. 2005. The prestige of the office continued to grow not only because of the obvious patronage of the Byzantine Emperor but because of its overwhelming geographical importance. The majority of these disputes are a result of the expansion of the Russian Empire, which often included a subjugation of the Orthodox churches in conquered lands to the Moscow Patriarchate. Not all of these prerogatives are today universally acknowledged, though all do have precedents in history and canonical references. 26 Jun 2023 09:40:57 After Constantinople was overrun by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, the Patriarchate came to care more directly for all the Orthodox living in the Ottoman Empire. After graduating from the patriarchal Seminary of Halki, located near Istanbul, Archontonis was ordained a priest and went on to earn a doctorate in canon law from the Pontifical Institute in Rome. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The Crusaders vented their hatred for the Greeks most spectacularly in the desecration of the greatest Church in Christendom. In 1922, the Albanian Orthodox Church declared its autocephaly, being granted recognition of it in 1937. The Russian Orthodox Church, which for centuries had been a diocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, declared its independence in 1448 shortly before Constantinople fell owing to its protest over the Council of Florence, in which representatives of the patriarchate had signed onto union with Rome, trading doctrinal concessions for military aid against the encroaching Ottomans. The ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople is the direct administrative superior of dioceses and archdioceses serving millions of Greek, Ukrainian, Rusyn and Albanian believers in North and South America, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, South Korea, as well as parts of modern Greece which, for historical reasons, do not fall under the jurisdiction of the Church of Greece. The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, with its headquarters located in the City of New York, is an Eparchy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, The mission of the Archdiocese is to proclaim the Gospel of Christ, to teach and spread the Orthodox Christian faith, to energize, cultivate, and guide the life of the Church in the United States of America according to the Orthodox . [citation needed] Special restrictions were imposed concerning the construction, renovation, size and usage of bells in churches. The current patriarch (since 1991) is Bartholomew I who has become better-known than any of his predecessors in modern times as a result of his numerous pastoral and other visits to numerous countries in five continents and his setting up of a permanent bureau at the EU headquarters, in addition to enhancing the long-established Patriarchal Centre in Pregny-Chambsy, Switzerland, and also his ecological pursuits which have won him the epithet of "the Green Patriarch". However, Humbert and the pope made no concessions and the former was sent with legatine powers to the imperial capital to solve the questions raised once and for all. Leo I refused to accept this canon, basing himself on the fact that it was made in the absence of his legates. Patriarchal Church of St George is located in Fener district of Istanbul. [23] Some have questioned the validity of the bull on the grounds that Pope Leo IX had died at that time and so the authority of the legates to issue such a bull is unclear.[22]. After Constantine the Great had enlarged Byzantium to make it into a second capital city in 330, it was thought appropriate that its bishop, once a suffragan of the Exarch of Thrace and Macedonia, the Metropolitan of Heraclea, should be elevated to an archbishopric. After the martyrdom of Patriarch Gregory V on Easter Day 1821, the cemetery of patriarchs was created. New York: Oxford University Press. The letter was to be sent by John to all the bishops of the West, including the Pope. The Patriarchate also enjoys an even greater majority in the United Kingdom. Additionally, the canonical literature of the Orthodox Church grants to the ecumenical patriarch the right to hear appeals in cases of dispute between bishops. Meanwhile, the Latin Empire of Constantinople was established, and Byzantine refugees founded their own successor states, the most notable of these being the Empire of Nicaea under Theodore Lascaris (a relative of Alexius III), the Empire of Trebizond, and the Despotate of Epirus. In the holy bema, behind the altar, the synthrone (cathedra) is arranged in a semicircle along the curved wall of the apse, with seats for the Archpriests and a central higher throne of marble for the Patriarch. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople has suffered attacks from 1993 to 2004, including desecration of patriarchal cemeteries as well as assaults on the ecumenical patriarch.[28]. The Holy and Sacred Synod, presided over by His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, is composed of twelve hierarchs, each serving a year-long term, with half of the synod's members changing every six months in March and September. For this reason, the church is also known as the "Patriarchal Church of the Great Myrrh". The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople is the symbolic headquarters of the Greek Orthodox Church, and one of the most significant sites in the larger Eastern Orthodox Church. The defeat of Byzantium, already in a state of decline, accelerated political degeneration so that the Byzantines eventually became an easy prey to the Turks. Coat of Arms of the Ecumenical Patriarchate Constantinople (St. George's Cathedral, Istanbul).svg. In turn, they are granted honorary titles which once belonged to members of the Patriarchal staff in centuries past. His unique role often sees the ecumenical patriarch referred to as the spiritual leader[5][6] of the Orthodox Church in some sources, though this is not an official title of the patriarch nor is it usually used in scholarly sources on the patriarchate. Despite their oaths and the threat of excommunication, the Crusaders ruthlessly and systematically violated the city's holy sanctuaries, destroying, defiling, or stealing all they could lay hands on; nothing was spared. "Osmanl Bar", p. 14. The current holder of the office is Bartholomew I, the 270th bishop of that see.[4]. It is headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, currently Bartholomew, Archbishop of Constantinople. [19] Constantine V convoked a church council in 754, which condemned the worship of images, after which many treasures were broken, burned, or painted over with depictions of trees, birds or animals: one source refers to the church of the Holy Virgin at Blachernae as having been transformed into a "fruit store and aviary". In 1720 Patriarch Jeremias III (17161726, 17321733), wrote to Neophytos, Metropolitan of Arta: "By the mercy and will of the All-Good God, the lords, may God grant them long life, were moved and they gave us permission to rebuild from the very foundations the holy church of our Patriarchal and Ecumenical Throne, and so we have started this building with the help of God. cookies . For other patriarchates that have historically resided in the city, see, Symbol of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, as found atop the front entrance of the. He has no direct jurisdiction over the other patriarchs or the other autocephalous Orthodox churches, but he, alone among his fellow primates, enjoys the right of convening extraordinary synods consisting of them or their delegates to deal with ad hoc situations and has also convened well-attended pan-Orthodox synods in the last 40 years. From this restoration dates the neo-Classical marble doorway with the ornamental door-frames, which makes the front exterior of the church look rather unlike most other Orthodox churches, which are usually designed in the Byzantine style. Opened in 1844, the school was closed by government order in 1971. Its canonical territory currently includes most of modern Turkey, northern Greece and Mount Athos, the Dodecanese and Crete. Although he was hot-headed, Michael was convinced to cool the debate and thus attempt to prevent the impending breach. In addition to these churches, whose territory had been agreed upon by all as within Constantinople's jurisdiction, several other disputed areas' Eastern Orthodox churches have had recognition by the Ecumenical Patriarchate as either autocephalous or autonomous, including the Finnish Orthodox Church and Estonian Orthodox Church in 1923, the Polish Orthodox Church in 1924, and the Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church in 1998. For example, the ecumenical status accorded him traditionally within Eastern Orthodoxy, and recognized previously by the Ottoman governments, has on occasion been a source of controversy within the Republic of Turkey. The current territory of the Patriarchate is significantly reduced from what it was at its height. After the fall of Constantinople, the synod's membership became limited to bishops of the patriarchate. [36][37][38][39] George Sphrantzes says that people of both genders were raped inside Hagia Sophia. On September 26, 1853, Sultan Abdulmecid formally declared war on Russia, egged on by his allies in Britain and France. The affairs of the patriarchate are conducted by the Holy Synod, presided over by the Ecumenical Patriarch. The right to hear appeals, if invited, regarding disputes between clergy (Canons 9 and 17 of the Fourth Ecumenical Council); The right to ordain bishops for areas outside defined canonical boundaries (Canon 28 of the Fourth Ecumenical Council); Diocese of Meloa: Aimilianos Coutouzes (2019), Diocese of Zelon: Sevastianos Skordallos (2012), Metropolis of Balgrad, one of founding archdioceses of, Exaltation of the Cross Lutsk Brotherhood (1623???? In the sixth century, the official title became that of "archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and ecumenical patriarch".[24]. The seat of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople at Fener (Phanar; map) has been here on the Golden Horn since 1601, a century and a half after Constantinople was conquered from the Byzantines in 1453 and became Istanbul. They smashed the silver iconostasis, the icons and the holy books of Hagia Sophia, and seated upon the patriarchal throne a whore who sang coarse songs as they drank wine from the Church's holy vessels. The ecumenical patriarch ( Greek: , romanized : Oikoumeniks Patrirchs) is the archbishop of Constantinople ( Istanbul ), New Rome and primus inter pares (first among equals) among the heads of the several autocephalous churches which compose the Eastern Orthodox Church. In the secular Republic of Turkey, tensions are still constant. Having safeguarded its position in Istanbul, despite the sharp demographic decline of the Istanbul Greek community, the Ecumenical Patriarchate has emerged as a crucial actor of the . [20] Following the death of his son Leo IV in 780, the empress Irene restored the veneration of images through the agency of the Second Council of Nicaea in 787. Abstract. The New Catholic Encyclopedia reports that the legates had been careful not to intimate that the bull of excommunication implied a general excommunication of the Byzantine Church. Some of the bones of these two saints, which were looted from Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204, were returned to the Church of St George by Pope John Paul II in 2004. It has been led by 270 Ecumenical Patriarchs since its establishment in 330 AD. The current state of the church largely dates from this rebuilding. It is headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, currently Bartholomew I, Archbishop of Constantinople. The church is located in the Fener (Phanar) district of Istanbul, northwest of the historic centre of old Constantinople. In his role as head of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, he is known as the "archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome".[11]. - Apostolic Pilgrimage of Pope Francis and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew to Jerusalem", "Fener Rum Patrikhanesinin "ekmeniklik" ddiasna likin Basn Aklamamz", "Pope Francis and Ecumenical Patriarch sign Christian unity declaration", Commander opposed Halki Seminary reopening over fears, The Patriarchate of Constantinople (The Ecumenical Patriarchate), "The Policy of Mehmed II toward the Greek Population of Istanbul and the Byzantine Buildings of the City", "Constantinople: City of the World's Desire 14531924", History of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church ( ), "Decision of the Constantinople Patriarchate Holy Synod concerning the restoration of its stavropegion in Kyiv", " ", " : ". Patriarch Michael I Cerularius ordered a letter to be written to John, the Bishop of Trani in which he attacked the "Judaistic" practices of the West, namely the use of unleavened bread. The bull excommunicated only Cerularius, Leo of Achrida, and their adherents. The Patriarchal Cathedral Church of St. George ( Greek: ; Turkish: Aya Yorgi Kilisesi) is the principal Eastern Orthodox cathedral located in Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey and, as Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire until 1453, and of the Ottoman Empire until 1922.

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