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World Council of Churches, Most Reverend Archbishop John of Since the Holy Synods of both the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa have already accepted the outcome of the official dialogue on Christology between the Orthodox Church and the Oriental Orthodox Churches, including the two official agreements: the first on Christology signed in June 1989 in . What is Orthodox Christianity? Search, Learn more about the Orthodox Church in America. KYIV, Ukraine The Ukrainian government has taken the main cathedral of a historic monastery in Kyiv from a denomination previously affiliated with the Russian Orthodox patriarchate and allowed. June 13, 2023. Whereas the original Judaeo-Christian community . There are eight national churches, each the traditional patriotic church of the people. the Ecumenical Patriarchate to the It also gave the first documented use of the term "Metropolitan" in reference to such bishops as had the presidency over a province. "NA" means that data is not available. Twitter | Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure: Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: Questionally autonomous, declared independence from the MP, but has not declared itself autocephalous: Based on the numbers of adherents, the Eastern Orthodox Church (also known as Eastern Orthodoxy) is the second largest Christian communion in the world, after the Roman Catholic Church, with the most common estimates of baptised members being approximately 220 million. The study explained that such a difference was due to a variety of circumstances, for example the higher numbers having counted all people who self-identify as Eastern Orthodox on a census regardless of active participation, or all people belonging to ethnic groups originating in Eastern Orthodox countries. Web: http://www.spc.rs/, Aleea Dealul Mitropoliei, no. S2CID71515470. The Episcopacy The Holy Synod The main difference being that a patriarch's election is communicated to the pope, as a sign of communion between equals, but a major archbishop's election must be approved by the pope. Legislation in 2004 gave the church the right to regain full ownership of its churches and other lands, and the Russian church now has relatively close ties to the government (especially compared to other faiths). [1][2][3] The numerous Protestant groups in the world, if taken all together, substantially outnumber the Eastern Orthodox,[4] but they differ theologically and do not form a single communion.[5]. https://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Patriarchate&oldid=53739. Churches were plundered of their sacred vessels, and seminaries were closed. In the Middle East, the most significant Eastern Orthodox populations are in Lebanon (8%),[16] Syria (58% prior to the 2011 civil war) in Palestine (0.5%2.5%)[17] and Jordan (over 1%). The patriarch at Belgrade heads the Church of Serbia, which suffered restrictions under the Communist government of Yugoslavia and developed a strong nationalist bent in the 1990s during the breakup of Yugoslavia. Archbishop Atticus would do much to expand the jurisdictional reach of the See in the early 5th century. Fax: (2) 989 76 00 Holy and Great Council available Observance Today, Relations of the Orthodox Church Your support helps us further the vital ministry work. UOC-MP was moved to formally cut ties with the ROC as of May 27th 2022. Patriarch of the Church of the East is the head of the Church of the East. Outline Christianity portal v t e Christ Pantocrator, sixth century, Saint Catherine's Monastery, Sinai; the oldest known icon of Christ, in one of the oldest monasteries in the world. Controversy over the growth of major ecclesiastical centres contributed to the schism between East and West. The Bishop of such cities came to hold a pre-eminence of honour in the province of which his diocese was the capital, with some eventually gaining a primacy even over other provinces with their own primus inter pares. As such, some numbers may be inflated, and therefore inaccurate. The Orthodox Church during the Kievan period was subject to Constantinople, and until 1237 the Metropolitans of Rus' were usually Greek. [1] All provinces of Italy were under the broader Primatial oversight of the Archbishop of Rome by the end of the 4th century.[2]. Learn more about the mythic conflict between the Argives and the Trojans. Certain individuals and institutions are presented for reference purposes only and may not be under the supervision or jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese. June 8, 2023. [citation needed] Constantinople was added in the 4th century and Jerusalem in the 5th century. Box 21130 Email: [emailprotected] [10][11]. This includes those who may be irreligious, yet culturally identify with the Eastern Orthodox Church, or for whom Eastern Orthodox Christianity is listed on official state records. Fax: +381-11-3283-997 Emperor Justinian called the pentarchythe great original patriarchates of Constantinople, Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalemthe "five senses of the universe." Saint John the Faster The title "ecumenical" was given to all the chief offices in the imperial city. A key aspect of the Orthodox Church is its organization into patriarchates, which are led by patriarchs. of Adrianopolis, Most Reverend Archbishop Job of Bucharest IV, Romania 040163 John of Pergamon, His Eminence Archbishop Elder doi:10.1080/14623520801950820. P.O. Patriarch of the Turkish Orthodox Church Pope and patriarchs in the Oriental Orthodox Churches Patriarchs of independent Oriental Orthodox Churches Patriarch of the British Orthodox Church Popes and patriarchs of Independent Catholic Churches Patriarch of the Apostolic Catholic Church Pope of the Palmarian Catholic Church 0. Email: [emailprotected] of France, His Eminence Metropolitan Nikitas Following the establishment in 1991 of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church under the Russian patriarch, a breakaway church emerged and demanded independence from Moscow, but Constantinople refrained from endorsing the break until 201819. Karelia and all Finland, His Eminence Metropolitan Stephanos The head of the Georgian Church is titled catholicos. The four Eastern Orthodox patriarchates (Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem), along with their Latin Catholic counterpart in the West, Rome, are distinguished as "senior" (Greek: , presbygen, "senior-born") or "ancient" (, palphata, "of ancient fame") and are among the apostolic sees, traditionally having had one of the apostles or evangelists as their first bishop: Andrew, Mark, Peter, James, and Peter again, respectively. , 8 The See of Constantinople was granted Archepiscopal status prior to a council held in the city in 381, which ranked it second in honour after Rome. After the Council of Nicaea in 325, the church structure was patterned on the administrative divisions of the Roman Empire; thus, each civil province was headed by a metropolitan, or bishop of the metropolis (the civil capital of the province), while larger administrative units, called dioceses, were presided over by an exarch of the diocese, a title gradually replaced by patriarch. Therefore in the case of Constantinople the apostolic see is the See of Byzantium. There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. The Antiochian patriarchate has a rich liturgical tradition and has contributed to the development of the Orthodox liturgy in various languages, including Greek, Arabic, and Syriac. At the Council of Chalcedon negotiations with Archbishop Maximus of Antioch resulted in approval of oversight over all of Palestine but no further. [4] Juvenal went as far as to claim Metropolitan authority over Roman Arabia and Phoenicia. 4, Bulgaria This is not the first time that the Phanar has indulged the interests of the Democrats in an attempt to divide the Orthodox faith - the same thing happened in Ukraine and is happening now in the Balkans. Box 14518 The Eastern Orthodox Church, a communion of autocephalous (self-governing) churches, traces its roots back to the earliest days of Christianity. Volume III - Church History: The Patriarch of the Apostolic Catholic Church is called a Patriarch. Copyright 2023, Columbia University Press. Tel: +90 212 5319670 - 6 Phone: (212) 570-3500Contact, Download VCFJoin our Mailing ListsDonate. This page has been accessed 37,231 times. In a few cases, a bishop came to preside over a number of dioceses, i.e., Rome, Antioch, and Alexandria. As for the Middle East, the conflict between the Patriarchates of Antioch and Jerusalem, from which Constantinople disassociates itself . Box 14518 , Jerusalem 91145 Tel: +972 2 6271657 / +972-546112486 Email: secretariat@jerusalem-patriarchate.info Web: http://www.jerusalem-patriarchate.info Contact: Archimandrite Vartholomaios & Hierodeacon Markos Patriarchate of Moscow and all Russia Web: https://mospat.ru/en/ Patriarchate of Serbia 5 Kralja Petra Str. In this article, we will delve into the history and significance of both the ancient and more recent Eastern Orthodox patriarchates, highlighting their unique characteristics and contributions to the Orthodox Christian world. From the time of Justinian I the emperor controlled the patriarch absolutely. Crete, His Eminence Metropolitan Isaiah of Tel: 22 619-08-86 The Eastern Orthodox patriarchates, both ancient and more recent, have contributed significantly to the development and preservation of the Orthodox faith, as well as the cultural and historical identity of their respective regions. Other cases of incongruent data also might be due to counting ethnic groups from Eastern Orthodox countries rather than actual adherents. According to tradition, Andrew appointed the bishop Stachys the Apostle who remained bishop in Byzantium until 54 AD. Demetrios of America, His Eminence Metropolitan Those who believe that placed great hopes in the Crete meeting last summer that was supposed to attract all Orthodox patriarchates but which in fact didn't: The Bulgarian, Georgian and Antioch . Solidarnoci 52 There are a number of autonomous Orthodox groups that began in emigration. This is a list of current Christian popes and patriarchs who are notable. Christopolis (Estonia), Very Reverend Archimandrite Tikhon, In Roman Catholicism, especially since the second Vatican Council, some effort has been made to restore the dignity of the Eastern-rite patriarchs as effective signs of collegiality, balancing Roman centralization. Constantinople's recognition of the independence of the Ukrainian church led the Russian church to sever (2018) its ties with Constantinople. by NewsRoom. Despite Constantinoples efforts to resist any proliferation of patriarchates, new centres emerged in the Slavic centres of Preslav (now Veliki Preslav; 932), Trnovo (1234), Pe (1346), and Moscow (1589). In Ukraine, for example, many Orthodox believers joined independent churches not subordinate to the Russian patriarch, and Ukrainian lawmakers called for Constantinople to recognized the independence of Ukrainian Orthodoxy from Moscow. "St. Juvenal of Jerusalem", The Saint Pachomius Library, https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/motu_proprio/documents/hf_p-vi_motu-proprio_19650211_ad-purpuratorum_lt.html, "Armenians Called by 1 Faith, But 2 Churches", ad stedn rady (Office of the Central Council), Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria, Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad, Assyrian Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, Ancient Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarchate&oldid=1160638982, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 17 June 2023, at 21:10. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. 2023Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. Dialogue between Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches successfully completed at Patriarchate of Alexandria. Fax: +963 11 5424404 The Macedonian church has not been recognized by other Orthodox churches, and an autonomous Macedonian archdiocese under the Serbian church also exists. The Archdiocese responds to the spiritual needs of the Greek Orthodox Christian Faithful through National Ministries, providing programs and services to your local parishes, Metropolises, and you. . Relations between the two groups improved beginning in the late 1980s, and in 2007 they reestablished canonical communion, recognizing the overall authority of the Moscow patriarch while preserving the administrative independence of the Russian Orthodox Church outside Russia. Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church was received (1988) at the Kremlin, the first such reception since World War II. The patriarch was freer under the Turks, who gave him civil and religious jurisdiction over all the Orthodox within the Ottoman Empire. Not sure about the geography of the middle east? All rights reserved. 26 Jun 2023 22:52:16 Web: http://patriarhia.ro/, 1000 Email: [emailprotected] Other Orthodox churches are minority denominations of recent creation. These include the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, of Lisbon, Venice and the East Indies. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. Web: http://www.orthodox.pl/, Kisha Orthodhokse Autoqefale e Shqipris In 2006, Benedict XVI renounced the title of "Patriarch of the West" (Patriarcha Occidentis).[1]. Home / of Korea, Most Reverend Metropolitan Alexandria had attained primacy over Roman Egypt, Roman Libya, and Pentapolis. Nicosia, Cyprus 1502 This page was last edited on March 26, 2011, at 15:44. Chania. The three Greek-controlled patriarchates (Constantinople, Alexandria, and Jerusalem) lobbied the Ottoman ministers as well as the British and French diplomats, arguing that the election of a Syrian Patriarch would be disastrous: the Syrians lacked qualified candidates, and a Syrian would inevitably be beholden to Russia. The Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch moved its headquarters to Damascus in the 13th century, during the reign of the Egyptian Mamelukes, conquerors of Syria. Church, The Importance of Fasting and Its This page has been accessed 103,097 times. First the Russians, then the Greeks and the Balkan countries set up autonomous churches, always opposed by the patriarch, especially in the case of Bulgaria. , Jerusalem 91145 Encyclical of the Holy and Great Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "@IllyrianBoy_ @arianakra @AlboMomentz So are catholic priests that recite, teach latin and do the Vaticans bidding and fulfill their interests. Jurisdiction and office of an ecclesiastical patriarch. (Germany), Very Reverend Sister Theoxeni, Abbess head of the Carpatho-Russian See below for a more thorough explanation and a listing of the current Orthodox patriarchates. The Russian Orthodox Church became autocephalous in 1448 and was granted the status of a patriarchate by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1589. ), were the first to be recognized by the legislation of the emperor Justinian (reigned 527565), later confirmed by the Council in Trullo (692); these five were Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, though, after the Muslim invasions of Egypt and Syria in 638640, the bishops of Rome and Constantinople were alone in possessing any real power. The East, however, always took for granted that primacies were based on such empirical factors as the economic and political importance of cities and countries. English franais. Email: [emailprotected] of Ierapolis, head of the Ukrainian Orthodox in the USA, His Grace Bishop Gregory of Nyssa, Contact | of the Dardanelles, His Eminence Metropolitan Nicholas As the Orthodox Church continues to evolve and adapt to modern times, the patriarchates remain steadfast in their mission, The official web site of the Ecclesiastical Order of Saint John Chrysostom (OSJC), Self-Governing Metropolias and Archdioceses. Tel: (00355) 42234.117 / 42235.095 Each patriarchate carries its unique legacy and tradition, reflecting the rich tapestry of Orthodoxy. Sacred Synod of the Ecumenical The word Patriarch means the father or chief of a clan or family and is used biblical in a number of passages of the Old Testament: in Chronicles of the Septuagint for the chiefs of the tribes and in Hebrews and Acts of the New Testament when applied to Abraham, to David, and to the twelve sons of Jacob. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Church of Georgia is also ancient. The Eastern Orthodox Church in the Middle East is composed of the four ancient patriarchates of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem. After the First Ecumenical Council at Nicea, the church structure was patterned after the administrative divisions of the Roman Empire wherein a metropolitan or bishop of a metropolis came to be the ecclesiastical head of a civil capital of a province or a metropolis. The pope is effectively patriarch of the Latin Church, even if the title "Patriarch of the West" is no longer used. Some patriarchs exercised authority over several dioceses: the bishop of Rome over the entire West; the bishop of Alexandria over the dioceses of Egypt, Libya, and Pentapolis; and, after the Council of Chalcedon (451), the bishop of Constantinople over the dioceses of Pontus, Asia, and Thrace. Mount Athos, Reverend Protopresbyter of the Box 9 His Eminence Archbishop Elpidophoros (Lambriniadis) of America was born in 1967 in Bakirky, Istanbul. Gwny Urzd Statystyczny, May Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 2016, Warszawa 2017, tab. of San Francisco, His Eminence Metropolitan Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Corrections? Metropolitan Iobi (Patriarchate of Georgia): Russians are only Christians in words, not in deeds. Rr. Web: http://antiochpatriarchate.org/, P.O. Fax: 42232.109 Church in Todays World, Ukrainian Translation of the Warszawa, Poland 03-402 Jay Diamond, Larry. There are several patriarchates within Oriental Orthodoxy. It holds the fourth rank among the patriarchates and has jurisdiction over Israel, Palestine, Jordan, and the Sinai Peninsula. Brush up on your geography and finally learn what countries are in Eastern Europe with our maps. The Orthodox Patriarchates Introduction The Eastern Orthodox Church, a communion of autocephalous (self-governing) churches, traces its roots back to the earliest days of Christianity. In August 2012. The number of members of the Eastern Orthodox Church in each country has been subject to debate. At present there are nine Orthodox patriarchates: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, Moscow, Georgia, Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria. A patriarchate is an autocephalous Orthodox church whose primate has the title of patriarch. The American World Patriarchates, sometimes referred to as American World Patriarchs, is an international autocephalous movement within Orthodoxy that has existed for over fifty years. Council, including bulletin inserts, infographics, a Constantinople, the new imperial capital and the ecclesiastical centre of the East, had no claims to apostolicity, but new jurisdictional rights were bestowed upon it at Chalcedon (451) for the explicit reason that it was the residence of the emperor and the Senate.. Russian Tradition in Western Europe, His Grace Bishop Makarios of World, Autonomy and the Means by Which The see was moved to Moscow, and in 1589 a new patriarchate was set up under the czar. of Atlanta, His Eminence Metropolitan Iakovos Except in the title, there is no difference between a patriarch and any other head of an autocephalous (independent) church. Exarchate of Orthodox Parishes of The Council of Nicea codified this arrangement into canon law in accordance with the growing standardisation of ecclesiastical diocesan structure along the lines of secular Roman blueprints. In World War II, the Soviet government consented (1943) to the reopening of churches and to the election of a patriarch (the first since 1925). Romanian Patriarchate sent humanitarian aid for those affected by the earthquake in Syria. The Orthodox Christian Faith proclaims the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the teachings of the Apostles, and the tradition and life of the living Church worldwide through worship, communion, witness, and service. This page was last edited on July 8, 2007, at 03:55. Tiran, Albania Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Founded by the Apostle Andrew, the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople is considered the first among equals among the Eastern Orthodox patriarchates. Web: http://churchofcyprus.org.cy/, Al. As the Soviet Union annexed lands after 1939, the local Orthodox churches disappeared; the same was true of Catholic churches of the Eastern rites, and thus it was announced that the Byzantine-rite Catholics of Ukraine and Ruthenia had united with the Russian Orthodox. [3] Following the Council of Ephesus in 431, Bishop Juvenal of Jerusalem began to exert jurisdictional oversight across all three provinces of Roman Palestine, seeking to make Jerusalem into a Metropolitan See, but Cyril of Alexandria and Pope Leo I opposed the separation of Jerusalem from suffrage to Csarea and, more broadly, Antioch. There are also four major archbishops, who operate as patriarch of their autonomous church, but for historical or procedural reasons are not recognized as a full patriarch. The Position of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the Orthodox Church In the issue of Paintanos before last (p. 612), we promised to treat particularly the anti-canonical encroachments of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the territories of the autocephalous churches. The Orthodox Observer places the Church in the context of the current world we live in through a diverse and informative experience offering participants meaningful exchange with the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, her ministries, and affiliates. Final Decisions of the Holy and Infoplease is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. This is the same Saint Gregory whose name is traditionally connected with the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts which the Orthodox celebrate on the weekdays of Great Lent (see Worship). Updates? Constantinople's recognition in 1996 of Estonia's church as under its, instead of Russian, oversight led to strain between it and the Russian church. Autocephalous churches Council of the Orthodox After 1945 the government announced that the Roman Catholic dioceses of the Romanian rite had been annexed by the Orthodox church; the status of these dioceses and their property has become a source of tension in the post-Communist era. The Pentarchy consisted of the five ancient patriarchates of the undivided Church of the first millennium of her history, including the Churches of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem . Tel: +359 2 987 5611 Web: https://www.patriarchate.org/home, P.O. In Turkey the patriarch now rules a remnant only, although some modern Orthodox churches in North and South America, Australia, and N Europe are under his direct control. The current patriarchates of the Orthodox Church are the four ancient patriarchates of the Pentarchy, the Churches of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, along with the newer patriarchates, the Churches of Russia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Georgia . The patriarchate of Constantinople, having the primacy of honor after Rome, was set up when the Eastern capital was established; it included Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula. e Kavajs 151 Web: https://orthodox.sk/, . With the collapse of Communist rule in the countries of E Europe during the late 1980s and early 1990s, their Orthodox churches revived and gained new members. Impediments, The Mission of the Orthodox In the disturbances of the revolution many priests and bishops were killed or exiled. Tensions, Moves Toward Interfaith Today, some 300,000 Orthodox Christians comprise the Patriarchate of Alexandria, the highest number since the Roman Empire. By the fourth century, the word patriarch began to be used to designate prominent bishops. Some of the Eastern Catholic patriarchates are active on the same territories. 2022 The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Sixth Century, Volume III - Church History:Sixth Century, The Mission of The Orthodox Church in America, the local autocephalous Orthodox Christian Church, is to be faithful in fulfilling the commandment of Christ to Go into all the world and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. The likely reason for this disparity is that many people in majority Eastern Orthodox countries will culturally identify with the Eastern Orthodox Church, especially if they were baptized as children, even if they are not currently practicing. The metropolitan of Kiev was later reestablished separate from the Moscow patriarchate under Polish-Lithuanian rule; it transferred from Constantinople to Moscow in 1686. With the Imperial Capital having moved to Byzantium in 330, the re-named city of Constantinople became increasingly important in church affairs of the Greek East. The patriarchate of Constantinople, having the primacy of honor after Rome, was set up when the Eastern capital was established; it included Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula. Today, there are three rival patriarchs: The head of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church is also called a Patriarch. Istanbul, Turkey For example, the Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions in the United States, which has large numbers of immigrants from Eastern Orthodox countries, have collectively reported a total of 23 million across the country. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Need a reference? Today, a Patriarch is the ruling bishop of the following autocephalous Orthodox Churches: Catholic Encyclopedia: Patriarch and Patriarchate, https://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Patriarch&oldid=99444. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Tel: +357 22554600 / +357 22554611 It has played a significant role in shaping the religious, cultural, and political landscapes of the regions where it is predominant. Orthodox in the USA, His Eminence Metropolitan Maximos of Tel: (044) 278-41-45 Great Council, Holy and Great Council focuses on fifth day of discussions, Official texts, livestreaming of The title ecumenical was given to all the chief offices in the imperial city. Web: https://www.orthodoxalbania.org/, Resslova 9a There have been many efforts to establish a single American Orthodox church, but no union has been effected. Patriarchate of Alexandria; Patriarchate of Antioch; Patriarchate of Moscow; Patriarchate of Serbia; Patriarchate of Romania; Patriarchate of Jerusalem; . Read a brief history behind the Holy and Great Council. Christian community had flourished in Damascus since apostolic times (Acts 9). YouTube | Tel: +972 2 6271657 / +972-546112486 This site has been made possible by a grant from Leadership 100. Sixth Century /, In the sixth century, Constantinople, in the minds of Eastern Christians, was firmly established as the primary see in the Christian pentarchy, even though the see of Rome was still technically considered the first among equals. Emperor Justinian called the pentarchythe great original patriarchates of Constantinople, Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalemthe five senses of the universe.. Based on the numbers of adherents, the Eastern Orthodox Church (also known as Eastern Orthodoxy) is the second largest Christian communion in the world, after the Roman Catholic Church, with the most common estimates of baptised members being approximately 220 million. John Chryssavgis at the Holy Prague 2, Czech Republic 120 00 on Internet, Orthodox Council Bridges It had its origin in a Russian mission founded in 1860. By Efi Efthimiou A big turmoil broke into the circles of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, which belongs to the Moscow. Tel: +963 11 5424400 /1 /2 /3 Eventually, together, these five were recognised as the pentarchy by the Council of Ephesus in 431. Council, Preparation of a Council: A Critical Reflection, His Eminence Archbishop Leo of The patriarchates in the lower table are in the Latin Church; whose bearers have the title of patriarch for various historical reasons, but who lack a particular church sui iuris. The word patriarch began to be applied gradually to Christian dignitaries as technical terms of titles of honor during the early Christian centuries. With time, eventually some of them fell due to military occupations following the Islamic conquests of the Middle East and North Africa, and became titular or honorary patriarchates with no actual institutional jurisdiction on the original site. His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, President of the Holy and Great Council. However, the patriarchate is still called the Patriarchate of Antioch. Plattner, Marc F. and Costopoulos, Philip J. Since the end of the Soviet Union the church has seen enormous growth in Russia, and in 1997 it (along with other religions recognized under Soviet rule) was given special rights and legal exemptions. Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized. The language of the ritual is Church Slavonic.

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