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Why cant we leave this judgment for Allah? Combatants allegedly used automatic weapons, arrows and cutlasses (The Washington Post 20 May 1992). 1990. Civil Liberties Organization. "Fundamentalism" always starts as an intra-religious struggle: "fundamentalists" begin by attacking their own fellow countrymen or co-religionists and only at a later stage, if at all . Numerous violations by the security forces were reported, and it has been suggested that, had the police acted promptly, the situation would not have deteriorated to such an extreme (Ibid.). Some estimates put Christianity and Islam on an equal footing, evenly sharing 90 percent of the country's population (Africa News 8-21 June 1992, 8); others place Christianity ahead by a narrow margin (Nwankwor June 1989, 158); and some observers estimate that 50 to 55 percent of the population is Muslim, and only 35 percent Christian (Bienen 1989, 173). "Ethnic Clashes Kill Hundreds in Nigeria," IRBDC Indexed Media Review [Ottawa], 19-25 May 1992, Vol. The ruling was upheld by the Appeal Court on 20 November 1992 (CLO 2 Dec. 1992). "Detention of Christian Leaders in Nigeria Follows Carnage on Religious Riots. 1991). The dispute allegedly started in response to a disagreement over doctrinal issues between members of the two groups and worsened when an Almajiri was reportedly held and "manhandled" by the Kalakato (Ibid.). Despite efforts to halt the tribunal proceedings on the basis that, due to the Muslim composition of the tribunal, a fair trial cannot be guaranteed for the detainees, and that the charges are triable in regular courts, the Kaduna High Court refused to grant an injunction. "A Critique of Nigeria's Proposed Two-Party System. I have seen similar attitude of many Muslims in Muslim countries. It is reported that at least 5,000 people, including Maitatsine, were killed in clashes with the police and army. Anthony A. Akinola. Religious Conflict: Definitions, Problems and Theoretical Approaches. What will be the future of Palestine? On 21 April 1991, only two days after the Katsina riot, further riots erupted in Tafawa Balewa, a predominantly Christian enclave in the mainly Muslim state of Bauchi (Africa Confidential 17 May 1991, 1-2). The focus of Islam is human interaction, not isolation. (This is not to be confused with State Security Decree No. The anti-Islam forces want that the Muslims should remain occupied with minor issues and does not find time to focus on the major issues. Thus, intra-religious conflicts can . Along with five other Christians of Kataf origin, Lekwot was brought to trial on four charges, including unlawful assembly with intent to subjugate the Hausa Community in Zango-Kataf (CDHR 16 Oct. 1992, 1; ISHR Nov. 1992, 3). Over time, Gowon's attempt to strengthen the federal system by dividing Nigeria's four regions into 12 states, coupled with similar moves establishing 19 states in 1976, helped only to accentuate ethnic differences (Bach 1989, 19). My heart cries when a young son leaves his Muslim parents home in the name of Islam because his parents wanted to attend Eid Milad-un-Nabi program. Religions play an important role in many intrastate wars: violence erupts along theborders of different religious communities; soldiers pray for God's help before theygo to war; churches and mosques are used for recruitment, to store weapons, andto gather the fighters. If the parties do polarize and become vehicles for the expression of southern, primarily Christian, and northern, primarily Muslim, interests respectively, and cleavages are indeed exacerbated, the stability of the country may be threatened. 27, No. Ibadan . This is what anti-Islam forces want from Muslims and we are happily and knowingly serving their purpose. By the time independence was achieved on 1 October 1960, Nigeria was a federal state comprising three regions, North, West and East, with a government based on the British parliamentary system at both the federal and regional levels. 29, No. "Christians Denounce `Religious Apartheid' in Northern Nigeria," IRBDC Indexed Media Review [Ottawa], 28 January-3 February 1992, Vol. He gave a new definition to JIHAD. Unless the Nigerian economy improves in the near future, and people are allowed to have the kind of economic freedom necessary to channel their energy and attention into more productive directions, religious conflict will not subside, and may very well escalate. "Religious Conflict: Definitions, Problems and Theoretical Approaches" In, Mayer W. Religious Conflict: Definitions, Problems and Theoretical Approaches. The OIC issue motivated Christians in the country to suggest there was a conspiracy to turn Nigeria into an Islamic state (Ohadike 1992, 118). One issue, in particular, will no doubt determine the extent to which individuals in the country allow themselves to be manipulated by the ruling elite, and by religious elements of a fundamentalist nature both inside and outside the country. Albert, I.O. In an attempt to divert ethnic tension and diffuse regional political power in the federation, Gowon replaced the four regions with twelve states (Hunwick Nov. 1992, 148.). Christians refused a local government proposal to slaughter their animals at a different location (EGLISI 17 June 1991, 237). How much knowledge Muhammad (Peace be upon him) had? Fax from Beko Ransome-Kuti, President. The Nigerian Tribune reportedly stated that 300 people were killed (Libration 17 Oct. 1991, 53). 1992, 25), many people fled south in an exodus that continued for months. The original version of this document may be found on the offical website of the IRB at, Last Updated: Wednesday, 28 June 2023, 07:32 GMT, 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada. Todays Muslim is completely focused on appearance not heart. For most of our Imams, Muftis, scholars and spiritual leaders religion is the source of income. 31 May 1992. 2 December 1992. 3, No. They argue that, in an attempt to challenge the status quo, disgruntled politicians may have taken advantage of popular discontent and frustration with prevailing socio-economic conditions which are the result of homegrown or IMF/World Bank structural adjustment programmes (Gambari 1992, 96-97). Telephone Interview. Once the faith purifies the heart, the appearance automatically becomes Islamic. Gambari, Ibrahim. 13-14 January 1990. Cases of such a nature might include instances where a large number of lives have been lost, or where the security of the state has been perceived to be threatened (Ibid.). According to Country Reports 1991, under the 1989 Constitution of Nigeria, the criminally accused should stand trial within three months, however, "many detainees and prisoners [are] being held for protracted periods, sometimes years, without charge or trial" (1992, 288). Intra-Muslim religious conflict going on in the Middle East today is a consequence of an old rivalry between Shi'a and Sunni Muslims, which has led to series of conflicts and persecution of their adherents in places where each is predominant. A Muslim prays, dresses a particular type of dress and looks like a certain kind of person but if fellow human beings are not safe from his / her tongue and hands then this person is not practicing Islam given to Muslims by Muhammad (Peace be upon him). These Muslims when go to Makkah and Madinah, they do not pray behind the Imams of Grand Mosques in Makkah and Madinah. Many observers believe that religion was and continues to be manipulated to create and exacerbate conflict. Africa Watch. "Nigerian Town Paralyzed After Religious Clashes." Philosophy. There is little doubt that the Sharia issue will once again resurface. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States. Lets not destroy our peace now. 1992).) Information and translations of intra-religious in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Let me share with you some of my recent experience in several programs that I attended recently. It is sometimes connected to the demographic and political organization of the country. Orka and 41 other prisoners were eventually executed, while a number of others received prison sentences (Africa South of the Sahara 1991 1990, 784). 22. Of the 10 truly intrastate armed conflicts, excluding the three cases with external rebels only, 8 have a clear religious dimension. In Islam these things are considered as diseases and Islam came to cure them. 524. Communiqus de Presse. The government arrested over 150 people involved in the April riots and ordered a special military tribunal to try those involved in the violence (Africa Confidential 17 May 1991, 1). Why arent more hate crime charges being laid in Canada? 22 June 1992. Furthermore, despite the fact that ethnic and regional hiring quotas are used in employment for the public sector, it is reported that considerable pressure remains on individual government officials to favour their own religious or ethnic groups (Ibid.). 2. 5. ", Libration [Paris]. Interestingly, both Aboucar Gumi, a founding leader of the fundamentalist Muslim Izala sect, and Peter Jatau, Kaduna's Roman Catholic Archbishop, reportedly indicated that the violence spread to Kaduna when the army brought Muslim bodies from Zango-Kataf (or Zangon-Kataf) to incite an angry Muslim response. "Special Report: Religious Rumblings. [] It is on record that while all the leaders and innocent Katafs were arrested and hurriedly hounded into detention, none of the Hausa Fulani, who engineered and ignited the riot, has been arrested (16 Oct. 1992, 1). They fought against Muslim Ottoman empire and favoured European Christian Forces. Although the incidence of both intra-religious and inter-religious conflict has been growing since the 1980s, it is the latter which has been more violent in recent years and, perhaps, more of a threat to the stability of the country. The unprecedented series of episodes of violent intercommunal, interreligious or religiously motivated conflict between Buddhist majorities and Muslim minorities in several places in Myanmar from 2012 until 2014 were the bitter fruit of the country's political transition. ", Journal of Modern African Studies. 1989. Review of African Political Economy. Only Allah will decide who will go to Hell. It is against Quran and the Sunnah to pass judgment about Muslims. 1 February 1992. The Christian Science Monitor [Boston]. November 1992. Therefore, the emergence of division in Islam has continued to today with devastating consequences on . Islam came to win the hearts of people not to break their hearts. 2, No. Not only has much Iranian Shiite literature been distributed in the country, but a number of Nigerian Muslim groups, particularly one of the splinter groups of the Muslim Students Society, have become more insistent on the implementation of Sharia law (Islamic law) in the country and on the establishment of an Islamic state (Hunwick Nov. 1992, 152). On 22 April 1990, a number of junior army officers attacked the presidential palace and seized the headquarters of the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria. "Christian Churches and the Nigerian Civil War. Since most of us do not know Islam very well we rely on our Imams, scholars and spiritual leaders. This can overlap with ethnic identities, and it is clear that. "Nigria: Affrontements religieux dans l'Etat de Bauchi. Once a friend of mine asked a truck driver in rural Punjab (Pakistan) what is KALIMAH (Declaration of Faith)? It is so sad to see that some Muslims hate other Muslims in the name of Islam. In inter-religious conflicts, the conflict parties differ in their religious affiliation - for example, Christians and Muslims. "Religion and Political Turbulence in Nigeria. Harder still to know is how best to move forward to . In conflict situations, discussions among religious followers are an impor-tant prerequisite for mutual support and conflict resolution. Nwankwor, Raphael Dozie. Christianity Today [Carol Stream, IL]. The installation of an Islamic republic in Iran in 1979 and the rise of Muslim fundamentalism in a number of other countries have had an indirect impact on the religious situation in Nigeria.

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